萝莉社

My fervent desire to delve into concealed mysteries has never diminished, especially in my quest to understand the remarkable mechanisms at play in our world and the extraordinary entities that Almighty God, in His boundless wisdom, has positioned within the celestial expanse. This longing burned more intensely within me during the present era, a time when God's supreme and boundless benevolence unveiled truly astonishing celestial phenomena to those dedicated to the study of Astronomy, aided by the remarkable instrument known as the telescope. These unprecedented revelations, never before witnessed in earlier ages, were personally experienced by me and acquired through ongoing discussions with the most distinguished astronomers of our time. They have filled my soul with unparalleled delight. What is the substance that appears to be poured over the mountainous surface of the Moon, forming what seems like pools? What is the luminous, fiery expanse within the Sun, adorned with spots and flames? What emulates the crescent shape of Venus and Mercury? What enshrouds Mars in an enigmatic, smoky substance, obscuring its features from my view? I stood in awe of Jupiter's resplendence and supreme grandeur, accompanied by its extraordinary retinue of moons. I gazed upon Saturn's globe, marveling at its extraordinary constitution, and an indescribable sense of reverence overwhelmed me. The mysteries of the heavens unfolded before me. However, regarding the true nature of these celestial wonders, I found myself hesitant and deeply troubled. It troubled me that Almighty God had bestowed upon humankind this enigma, as it is written, "so that man might not understand the work which God has done from the beginning to the end." I lamented, echoing the words of Ecclesiastes, "Many things are hidden from us which are greater than those which we know and understand, and we see but few of God's works." The saying attributed to the Syracusan philosopher, "Do not labor, for you will not comprehend these things," further discouraged me. Yet, on the other hand, I derived encouragement from the declaration that "the Lord makes His saints declare all His wonders," a declaration that the Almighty authorizes the demonstration of His glory. I also took heed of the gracious invitation from the Father of Lights: "Come and see the works of the Lord and the wonders which the Lord has done on high in heaven and below on Earth." In light of these reflections, my heart resolved to arise and traverse the streets and squares of this celestial city, seeking the one whom my soul loves, so that I may recall what I have discovered in His creations, and I shall not let go. As I progressed further, my yearning deepened, and I found myself overwhelmed by the magnificence of the Lord's majesty. I endeavored tirelessly, combining various inquiries, yet discovered nothing that could wholly satisfy or fulfill my quest. I have come to a clear realization that all human endeavors are entirely futile, empty, and devoid of meaning unless they are infused with the grace of the divine Spirit emanating from the Father of Lights. Therefore, fueled by an insatiable desire for this knowledge, my foremost wish remained that the radiance of divine wisdom might illuminate my path. Through the study of the created world, I aspired to grasp, beyond the scope of human intellect, the invisible and wondrous gifts of the Creator, which are reserved solely for those who love Him with all their hearts. Even if my understanding could only encompass a fraction of this knowledge, I resolved to share it with the world, all for the glory of His name, in the hope that others, too, might align the inclinations of their hearts until they reach the God of Gods in Zion. There, in that transcendent Archetype, they would contemplate the resplendent divine principles and, finally, in the blissful halls of eternal happiness, savor the treasures of divine wisdom for all eternity. And now, I embark on the narrative:

Theodidactus

 Not too long ago, I received an exclusive invitation to witness a private musical performance by a trio of extraordinary Musicians, who, if I were to liken them to the Orpheuses of our time, would hardly be an exaggeration. This clandestine gathering was conducted behind closed doors with the intent to showcase a unique form of artistry and skill that surpassed the ordinary. They specifically requested my presence as the sole witness, privy to the secrets of this seldom-heard musical expression. With meticulous preparations in place, including a suitable setting and timing, they embarked on their performance using two small lyres and a stringed instrument known as a Theorbo. The harmony they produced was nothing short of extraordinary, featuring intervals of such uncommon distinction that, despite my exposure to various exceptional musical experiences, I found it challenging to recall anything quite like it. They skillfully blended diatonic, chromatic, and even enharmonic modulations in a manner that defies easy description, stirring the emotions of the soul in profound and indescribable ways. As they gradually concluded their performance, seemingly descending from lofty, resonant heights to a fading, melancholic low, they left a lingering sense of languor upon the listener's soul. Yet, like awakening from a deep slumber, they would pluck the strings in harmony with the pulsations of the heart's spirit with delicate and subtle precision. At times, their music would evoke a sense of sorrowful murmuring, inciting imagery of a tragic scene, only to transition swiftly, leading the listener through a transformative journey from mournful modulation to a crescendo of dense, intense, and exuberant chromatic harmonies. The sheer force of this progression almost seemed capable of inducing a state of ecstatic frenzy. Rising further into tumultuous and vehement fervor, their music would alternately stir the soul with feelings of battle and conflict before ultimately subsiding into mellifluous notes, evoking compassion, divine love, and a sense of detachment from the world. Their grace and majestic beauty left me utterly convinced that even the celebrated ancient heroes of music, such as Orpheus and Terpander, had never achieved a comparable level of artistry. Immersed in this incomparable symphony, my soul was transported to an exotic emotional realm, resonating with the marvelous harmony of the celestial spheres. Here, I contemplated the laws governing the agreement and discord of all earthly bodies, realizing that while each resided in its realm of consonance and dissonance, everything within the universe contributed to the intended harmony of the cosmos. As the diverse forms of this extraordinary composition stirred vivid images within my soul, brimming with harmonious melodies, a profound slumber suddenly overcame me while fervently contemplating the wisdom of Almighty God, uniquely manifested in the intricate and unfathomable fabric of the world. In this state of slumber, I found myself within the boundless expanse of a meadow, and before me stood an extraordinary figure. His head and countenance were adorned with a mane of otherworldly splendor, his eyes gleamed like precious gems, and his attire was unlike anything I had ever seen. Notably, his wings were intricately folded, displaying feathers of almost infinite hues. His hands and feet radiated a brilliance surpassing that of any precious stone. In his right hand, he held a sphere adorned with representations of the orbits of wandering stars, each depicted as diverse-colored gem-like spheres鈥攁n awe-inspiring sight. In his left hand, he held a finely crafted measuring rod, a testament to his unparalleled artistry. Overwhelmed with awe, my heart raced, and every fiber of my being quivered, leaving me scarcely able to draw breath, let alone form words. Within this surreal setting, I heard a voice鈥攎ore melodious and enchanting than words can convey鈥攔esonating with profound significance:

 Cosmiel: Arise, fear not, Theodidactus, for behold, your desires have reached the divine ears. The supreme Majesty of Almighty God has dispatched me to unveil to you, within the constraints of mortal flesh, as much as is permissible regarding the wonders displayed in the earthly realm.

Stirred by the celestial being's extraordinary voice, I quickly regained my strength and responded:

Theodidactus: Who are you, my Lord? And what is the extraordinary attire that graces your form?

He replied:

Cosmiel: I am Cosmiel, a servant of Almighty God and the Intellect of the World. The radiance you witness emanating from my head symbolizes the brilliance of Cherubic intelligence. My eyes, shining like carbuncles, are divine illuminations through which we are granted insight into the unfading vision of the supreme God. Adorned with an array of colors in my winged manifestation, I represent the loftiness of intellect through which we delve into and oversee the numerous virtues and mysteries concealed by the supreme Craftsman in the intricate machinery of this world. The sphere you behold signifies the guardianship of the celestial realm. At the same time, the gem-laden staff, in accordance with God's ordained laws, is the instrument through which we measure and arrange all things in the most harmonious order. But you, my son, whatever knowledge you acquire from me in the days to come, hold it close to your heart and proclaim God's divine mercy bestowed upon you to the entire world.

Overwhelmed with admiration and wonder, I, Theodidactus, was seized by a sense of divine inspiration and exclaimed:

Theodidictus' Apostrophe [Address] to God.

Theodidactus: And who am I but dust and ashes, a humble creature of the Earth, tainted with sin from my mother's womb? How can I dare to speak to the Lord God, my Creator? Born and raised in the darkness of my ignorance, I resemble a blind night raven attempting to direct my unclean, sluggish, feeble, and powerless eyes toward the hidden light of divinity, which surpasses all human understanding and investigation. I envision myself humbly bowed beneath you, the bearer of the World, surrounded by Seraphic spirits veiled by the wings of your countenance, bearing witness to the incomprehensible greatness of your Majesty's glory with fear and trembling. So then, before Your highest Majesty, am I, surrounded by a humble dwelling, to open my mouth, at the sight of which even the very foundations of the world tremble, the pillars of the Earth quake, the magnitudes of mountains liquefy, and the hills flow down like wax; it speaks to non-existence and is brought forth, it addresses existence and is reduced to nothingness: it cries out to the world and is expanded, and with the smallest finger it measures the expanse of the heavens, and His hand encompasses the tents of the spheres, who, to the precipitate Sun, does not rise, and encloses the stars as if under a seal; who performs great and incomprehensible and marvelous deeds, of which there is no number. Who am I, a proud wretch, to express my thoughts in unskilled words? Should I not fear your sacred words, "for he who investigates majesty will be overwhelmed by glory?" But you, the light of lights, the life of life, the hope and sweetness of my heart, will forgive my rashness. You have drawn man's understanding from the wellspring of light and clothed him with the radiance of your glory. The purpose is clear鈥攖o know and love the eternal place. You have ignited the sparks of curiosity in the human mind, bringing it into the theater of your marvelous works. Astonished by the greatness and multitude of your works, it seeks, loves, and praises the Eternal One, enjoying Him forever in the company of the children of God in the halls of eternity. You, lover of humanity, possess immense goodness and consummate righteousness. You desire to be with the children of men so that our praise may delight you. Your grace overtakes us, sweetly arousing those overtaken and powerfully drawing those awakened into union with you. Yet, how can we behold you, who are so far removed from the sight of our eyes, infinitely distant from human vision, hidden in the unfathomable abyss of your darkness? How can we come to know you unless you show us the way, unless "the invisible things are understood by the  things that are made"? Certainly, the heavens, the Earth, and all within them beckon from all sides, reflecting rays of your divinity. They urge us to continuously seek, know, and love you, our God and Creator. What shall we love when, by knowing you, we love you? Shall we love some bodily form, the revolutions of time, the brightness of celestial bodies, mellifluous musical melodies, or the fragrance of flowers and spices? Do we love the delights of nectar and ambrosia or the pleasant, soft embraces of touch? Far be it from us, for we do not love these things while we love you, our God. Instead, we love a certain light shining brighter than all the world's bodies, a voice sweeter than all harmonious melodies, a fragrance beyond comparison with all worldly scents, and a food more pleasing than all the delights of humanity. Ultimately, we love and embrace the inner self that is more delicate than all the world's pleasures. My soul shines in a place that space cannot contain, resonates with a sound that time cannot seize, perceives an aroma that no breeze carries away, tastes in a way that hunger cannot diminish, and clings to something that cannot diminish with satisfaction. This is truly to seek, know, and love our God. But who is this most benevolent lover of mankind? I questioned the Earth and the order of all living beings. I listened to the abyss and the countless living reptiles, and they replied, "We are not your God; seek above us." I asked the sweet whispers of the blowing breeze, and they said, "No." I traveled around the lodgings of the celestial spheres, the vast abodes of the heavens, wandering and anxiously inquiring if they were the ones my soul loves. Yet, they replied, "We are not. The one who made us is greater than us. The one who brought forth such beauty is more beautiful, and the one who made such goodness is infinitely better than us by countless parasangs." Therefore, moved and trusting in the boundless mercy of your goodness, I contemplated your marvelous works with awe. Through the constant exposition of those declaring your glory from the heavens, I marveled at the right hand of your omnipotent power and recognized the immense goodness shining forth in all things. I clearly perceived your infinite love for humanity and the incomprehensible paths of your wisdom. But why do You shroud the sons of men in such difficulties so that we may not recognize the works You have wrought, O our God, from the beginning to the end?

I had scarcely poured out these thoughts from my kindled mind when behold, Cosmiel, with wings on his sides and an additional two that appeared to emerge from his shoulders, lifted me effortlessly with a stroke of his wings. We ascended above the Earth, soaring past the stations of the clouds into the sublime heights of the ether. As an unusual cold permeated my body, sending shivers through my limbs, I voiced my concern:

Theodidactus: My Lord, what does this unusual and almost unbearable cold signify?

Cosmiel replied:

Cosmiel: The cause of the cold is our position beyond the sphere where solar rays are reflected. But fear not, for you will be shielded from all qualities contrary to human nature.

Theodidactus: Nevertheless, why do I feel as if my ability to breathe is failing me entirely?

Cosmiel: Do not be surprised. We find ourselves in the ether, a realm so subtle that one can only survive here if they, too, become more ethereal.

With his explanation, I rubbed my nostrils, unsure of what celestial substance to employ, but soon, I found relief as I could breathe without difficulty. Thus invigorated by this celestial drink, I raised my head to observe Earth, and a wondrous sight unfolded before my eyes. It was partly illuminated, adorned with vast clouds, and dimmed by the moving nebula ["dark spot"]. Having taken in these sights, I turned my gaze toward the Sun and saw a remarkable transformation鈥攊t was no longer round but had assumed a ring-like shape, with only a brilliant circle visible. Enthralled by this spectacle, I inquired:

Theodidactus: My dear Cosmiel, what is this remarkable sight of the Sun, transformed into an unusual ring of light?

Cosmiel explained:

Cosmiel: We are currently near the beginning of the lunar shadow cone, which is why you see the Sun in this ring-like form. The spherical and highly opaque lunar body occupies a much smaller area than the solar body, which is also spherical and opaque. According to the principles of Optics, when the observer's eye is positioned close to the axis of the lunar body's shadow cone, it perceives the Sun as a bright ring, with the lunar body casting its shadow over the Sun's central portion.

Theodidactus: Your explanation is accurate, but I must admit I haven't experienced night in quite some time. What is the reason for this absence?

Cosmiel clarified:

Cosmiel: It's because we are far beyond the Earth's shadow cone. However, be patient, for you shall soon witness the arrival of night.

He had barely uttered these words when darkness swiftly enveloped us, akin to the twilight that heralds the onset of dusk. Surprisingly, this nocturnal interlude lasted for just about an hour. I pondered why, despite our equatorial position, we experienced only a brief hour of night. Eventually, I realized that, following astronomical principles, a fleeting passage through the slender cone of Earth's shadow was inevitable at our elevated altitude. Additionally, I discerned that at this location, I had the opportunity to witness a perfect and total solar eclipse, a phenomenon concealed from those on the Earth's surface. Further observations revealed that I could view different expanses of Earth's surface at varying altitudes and stations. For instance, at an altitude of approximately 320 miles, the visual angle extended to about 20 degrees, corresponding to a horizontal span of roughly 1200 miles of Earth's surface. At 773 miles above, the visual angle increased to 30 degrees, encompassing an approximate horizontal distance of 1800 miles. At 1527 miles of altitude, I could observe a segment of 2400 miles of Earth's surface under a 40-degree angle. When reaching an altitude of 1778 miles, the Earth's surface became visible up to 3000 miles, framed under a 50-degree angle. As I ascended to 8000 miles, my field of view expanded to encompass 3600 miles at a 60-degree angle. Remarkably, at 23,793 miles above, I could perceive the Earth under an 80-degree angle. This extraordinary vantage point afforded numerous awe-inspiring sights, primarily those of Earth and the Moon. Earth appeared as a colossal spherical entity adorned with mountains. Upon closer examination, I discovered it to be entirely covered with innumerable spots, radiating a brilliance surpassing even that of the Moon. These spots on Earth's surface exhibited dynamic behavior, periodically growing, contracting, and transforming into various intricate patterns. At times, they would obscure specific regions of the terrestrial disk, assuming the semblance of shadows or luminous clouds. The overall illumination of Earth was not uniform; instead, it featured a somewhat dimmer light interspersed with various formations. As I marveled at these phenomena, Cosmiel, recognizing my curiosity, interjected:

Cosmiel: The spots you see are merely clouds drifting across the Earth's surface, characterized by their ever-changing nature and characteristics. They can suddenly grow and then dissipate, while others continually develop in different regions of the Earth. The brightness variation is due to the Sun's illumination, which imparts light to them based on their density and rarity. As for their diverse shapes, it's nothing unusual, as you are well aware of the volatile nature of clouds and how they can assume various forms when observed from Earth. You will witness similar phenomena in the spheres of other celestial bodies, particularly when we observe the Sun shortly.

Theodidactus: But what is it, my guide, that I see with such diversity and no apparent motion? What is the object presenting itself in human form? What is the form resembling a chalice? I also noticed a stationary spot on Earth shaped like a perfect heart. Moreover, there are two dark spots resembling eyes on what seems like a human head, alongside countless other, darker spots that fill me with wonder.

Cosmiel: The human figure you observe represents the entire layout of Europe, with the head resembling Spain, the chest France, and the rest symbolizing Germany, while the right arm corresponds to Italy and the left arm to England. The heart-shaped feature you see represents the entirety of Africa. The chalice-like shape signifies America, and the two eyes represent the Caspian and the Black Sea. The other dark areas denote various regions and districts, illustrating different bodies of water. Notice the vast expanse between Europe and the heart-shaped figure? That is the Mediterranean Sea, while the area beneath the dark regions surrounding the land represents the Ocean.

Theodidactus: But why does the watery surface shine less than the terrestrial portions?

Cosmiel: Because the bottom of the sea, on which the watery mass rests, becomes imbued with a blackish muck, and the entire depth of the sea ends in some obscure substance due to the congested condensations of its surfaces, thus powerfully obscuring the light. Hence, the sunlight reflected from the watery surface must be somewhat weakened, which does not happen with the direct illumination of terrestrial bodies. When these bodies reflect the sunlight directly and consist of numerous angular masses, rough mountains, and unpolished surfaces, it results in light being reflected in various ways from these angular bodies. Thus, light is wonderfully intensified, making terrestrial bodies shine much more brightly than watery ones.

Theodidactus: What accounts for the jagged roughness along the edges of terrestrial bodies, and what causes the ever-shifting shadows, now expanding, now contracting?

Cosmiel: The roughness you observe along the edge of the terrestrial globe consists of two distinct features. On one side, it encompasses the extended range of the Caucasian Mountains, forming a chain of peaks. On the other side, it comprises the connected peaks of the American mountains, known as the Andes.

Theodidactus: But what about that intense light, which my eyes can barely endure, dazzling my vision so profoundly in both the southern and northern regions of the Earth? And what about that expansive area surrounding the southern pole of the Earth, tinged with a darker hue?

Cosmiel: The radiant lights illuminating both the northern and southern regions of the Earth are, in fact, frozen seas and mountain ranges perpetually cloaked in snow. These features possess a remarkable capacity to reflect solar light and even emit their own light, enhancing the brilliance of the Sun. As for the region encompassing the South Pole, it remains the uncharted land of the South, still unknown to Europeans due to its vast remoteness.

Theodidactus: Dearest guide, may I inquire whether this extensive expanse is devoid of human habitation, as it appears to nearly touch one of the Earth's poles?

Cosmiel: It bears no significant distinction from other parts of the Earth, although, by God's inscrutable design, it has yet to be unveiled. However, it shall be revealed in due time as ordained by divine providence. In our forthcoming discourse, I shall delve deeper into these matters. Do you observe that luminous region directly beneath the South Pole?

Theodidactus: I do indeed.

Cosmiel: That is an immense island encircled by towering mountain cliffs that continually emit fire. Nonetheless, this region remains uninhabited, and these elemental forces serve to protect it from the extreme cold and barrenness one might envision in such an area. Similar conditions exist in the Northern region as well.

Theodidactus: But I have one final inquiry, Master, concerning the meaning of that region near the Caspian Sea, which emits such unusual light.

Cosmiel: You seek a marvel, my child, but I am uncertain whether I should disclose such a profound matter to you. No mortal has ever ventured into that region due to the inaccessible precipices of the mountain cliffs that form a sort of crown around it. It is not God's will for this place to be revealed except at the end of times. The first humans, the Protoplasts, resided in this place at the world's inception and enjoyed boundless happiness. However, their expulsion due to sin rendered this place inaccessible to mortals. In later times, Enoch and Elijah were transported to this blessed place, where they lived free from the burdens of human mortality, contemplating divine matters until God's appointed time. Do you perceive those two somewhat dark cirrus clouds over there?

Theodidactus: I do.

Cosmiel: Those rivers flow from the aforementioned paradise through concealed meanders of the Earth, and as you are aware, they are named Tigris and Euphrates. The other two rivers, Phison and Ganges, forged new subterranean channels in distant mountain regions after the flood, altering their courses. Nevertheless, it is now time for us to depart from Earth, raise our gaze heavenward, and contemplate the celestial bodies arrayed before us, to the extent that human vision allows.

Theodidactus: May it be as you say.

Cosmiel: Direct your gaze to the opposite side of the Earth.

As I turned my attention toward the opposite side, I beheld the Moon's body at a slightly different angle than I had seen the Earth earlier. The terrestrial globe, now more distinct than ever, resembled a vast mountain bathed in gentle light. It was adorned with various features, particularly along its circumference, where prominent mountain peaks, valleys, lakes, rivers, and seas unfolded in every direction. Overwhelmed by awe, I humbly beseeched my guide to elucidate the significance of each element, to which he responded:

Cosmiel: My child, I shall not only reveal these wonders from a distance but also bring you closer to the globe, enabling you to observe every detail.

Hardly had I uttered these words when, miraculously, I felt as if I were descending by some natural force.

Theodidactus: Oh, what sensations are these, dear guide of my soul? Please, do not abandon your servant. If you release me, where shall I go? To what destination will I be carried? What is the outcome of my journey?

Cosmiel: Trust me, my child, fear not. Although no mortal can survive in this place without divine assistance, I shall safeguard, protect, and shield you from any adverse influences contrary to human nature. Such is the decree of the Supreme Monarch over all creation.

With these words, he gently breathed upon my entire being, instantly fortifying all my organs. Hunger, thirst, fire, water, or any other natural element could no longer affect me.

Theodidactus: Oh, eternal God, my highest and unchanging good, you have touched my heart through Cherubic intelligence, your servant. I now begin to love you with all my heart more fervently than ever before. Even the heavens and the Earth, along with all that dwells within them, proclaim from every corner that I should love and glorify you in your wondrous creations.

Having spoken these words, I sensed a powerful descent.

Cosmiel: What do you fear, my child? Why tremble? Am I not with you?

Theodidactus: Forgive me, my source of sweetness and solace. I fear the potent force I sense and am uncertain of my fate.

Cosmiel: Understand that you have entered a foreign region of the celestial sphere, and we are journeying toward the center of the Lunar domain. You need not fear natural gravity drawing you to the Moon, as you are composed of terrestrial elements that are naturally drawn only to the Earth's center. What you perceive as a descent is orchestrated by my guidance, allowing me to reveal the lunar realms to you. You will encounter this phenomenon in other celestial bodies in due time. Therefore, take heart.

His words had barely left his lips when I found myself in close proximity to the Moon, beholding countless wonders I had never before witnessed.

Cosmiel: Hold steady as we move closer for a clearer view of all these marvels.

As he spoke, I was positioned above the highest peak of a Lunar mountain, where an entirely new and extraordinary spectacle unfolded before my eyes. Here, Nature took on a unique and unfamiliar form, distinct from Earth's. Deep valleys, interconnected mountain ranges, vast oceans, seas, and lakes stretched out. Islands emerged within the oceans, surrounded by towering mountains, and rivers flowed from the mountains, meandering through intricate paths before emptying into the seas. Everything differed in terms of color, strength, and properties from what we know on Earth. The mountain rock displayed an unyielding hardness adorned with diverse streaks of variegated colors.

Theodidactus: My Lord, I implore you to explain the wonders of this astonishing scene so that I may contemplate the ineffable mysteries of the most wise Creator with a full heart.

Cosmiel: So be it.

And lo, with astonishing swiftness, I found myself standing on the shore of a vast expanse by the lunar sea. However, this terrain was not covered in grass but rather paved with stones of a peculiar appearance, all of which seemed to exude a sort of olive oil. I then turned my attention to the lunar waters, which appeared so clear, ethereal, and transparent that I could not recall ever witnessing anything like it on the surface of our terrestrial world. These waters were remarkably fluid, such that the slightest breeze could set them in motion.

Theodidactus: Cosmiel, if I may, I would like to inquire whether it is permissible to bring a piece of these stones or a vessel containing this celestial water back to Earth so that the wondrous mysteries of God may be revealed to the people.

Cosmiel: Alas, it is an impossibility, for such stones cannot exist in our terrestrial realm. Furthermore, should you attempt to release them, they would swiftly return to their own celestial sphere as though to their inherent natural center. They possess an inviolable sympathy with their sphere, akin to a part's connection with its whole, rendering them incapable of existing anywhere else in the world except within their congenial, that is, the lunar, sphere. Such is the unyielding law that binds individual celestial bodies to their designated parts. The same principle applies to the waters.

Theodidactus: But why is this so? I perceive no plants, animals, or humans here. Instead of plants, I observe some form of efflorescence, much like metallic trees in our mines.

Cosmiel: Understand that in this realm, no flora or fauna resemble those found on Earth, and more curiously, humans cannot inhabit or procreate here. Since there are no human inhabitants, the existence of animals would serve no purpose, and in the absence of animals, the growth of vegetation similar to that on Earth would also be futile. Such beings cannot thrive here, as the entire celestial environment is ill-suited for their nature. Therefore, unless preserved by divine power, you would be unable to subsist here, and your body, composed of Earth's composite elements, would naturally return to its own sphere, as I shall explain shortly.

Theodidactus: Do meteorological phenomena such as rain, snow, and the like, which we experience on Earth, ever occur here?

Cosmiel: They are indeed, but of a different nature; for you to understand this, it must be known that the entire lunar globe, as well as all other celestial bodies of the world, are composed not unlike terrestrial matter, of four elements, nor as the Peripatetics imagine, is there a fifth essence found in the world, but the four elements from which lunar things are constituted differ greatly from the terrestrial ones, due to the proximity of the Sun, which alters everything, so much so that in each of the World's bodies, a different constitution is necessary, as you will later see; and although the primary four qualities are present in all infinite worldly bodies, because they have a different position with respect to the World, and therefore participate in different influences, it is necessary that they differ from each other not in an essential, as far as matter is concerned, but in an accidental manner; this is most apparent here on the Moon; you see that lunar water is indeed humid, but so subtle that it cannot be evaporated into anything but the most subtle vapors; hence, mists, rains, and clouds are not found here, but nevertheless, something similar corresponds to them, namely the most subtle dew, like vapor, which the humid Moon emits and forms its atmosphere with, but soon, being consumed more strongly by the Sun, it dissipates into thin airs, or if it encounters cooler air, it does not rain like regular rains, but like the most subtle Lunar effluvium, which occurs mainly around the time of the new moon, as will be seen later. If thick, impure, and material clouds akin to those on Earth were to manifest on the Moon, they would undoubtedly be visible from Earth, just as we, standing on the Moon, observe irregular spots traversing the Earth's surface. However, since nothing resembling terrestrial meteorological phenomena appears here, as you have witnessed firsthand, there is no reason to expect similar weather patterns in this place. In contrast to the entire lunar structure, these lunar waters possess a hidden power and property bestowed upon them by Almighty God through the unique disposition of His providence. When this power permeates watery substances, it promptly inflates and stirs them with remarkable vigor. This distinctive virtue is exclusive to the entire Lunar body. Consequently, when these lunar rays extend over the Earth's surface, they remarkably amplify everything beneath, particularly moisture. Seas become agitated, lakes and rivers swell, and tides in the ocean rise and fall. Fluids within living bodies expand and surge, a phenomenon that intensifies the closer they are to the lunar rays. To grasp the veracity of this matter, I invite you to partake of this cup filled with celestial water.

When I had consumed it, my entire body underwent an astonishing transformation, swelling like a drum, with all my limbs expanding until I had become an enormous mass, almost unbelievably so. I felt myself being sustained by this powerful force.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, aid me, for I feel as though I am perishing.

Cosmiel: Take heart, you shall not perish.

Cosmiel placed his finger on my lips, and I expelled all of the previously imbibed liquid, and was promptly restored to my former state.

Theodidactus: Would the same effect occur if humans and animals were to be born in this place?

Cosmiel: Indeed, the same effect would transpire.

Theodidactus: I comprehend it all now. But what is happening at this moment? I suddenly find it exceedingly difficult to breathe.

Cosmiel: The lunar air is so refined that it cannot adequately sustain the respiration of any living being. Even though it is not pure ether but rather a mixture of lunar vapors specific to its own nature, it remains insufficient for respiration due to its extreme subtlety. Your ability to exist here is entirely attributed to the divine dispensation of God, who preserves you.

Theodidactus: Please enlighten me, dear Master, does fire exist as an element within this lunar sphere?

Cosmiel: Yes, it does, but it lies concealed within the depths of the Moon. All the seas you behold are filled with fiery spirits, which the Author of Nature has implanted to preserve the lunar moisture. While moisture and heat, fire and water, may appear to possess opposing qualities, they adhere to their own laws of harmony, where one sustains the other. However, let us reserve a more in-depth discussion of these matters for another time.

Theodidactus: Is the fire that resides in the innermost recesses of the Moon the formal fire, as philosophers describe it, or is it merely a form of virtual fire?

Cosmiel: It is truly a formal fire, no different from the elemental fire, and it is the same in all the bodies of the world.

With that affirmation, he struck the nearest rock, and behold, a fierce eruption of sparks burst forth, instantly setting the surrounding air ablaze with a remarkable spectacle.

Cosmiel: Do you now perceive the truth of the matter?

Theodidactus: I do, and I wholeheartedly believe in all that you have wisely expounded, O Guide of my heart. Yet, there is one matter that I intended to inquire about at the outset of our journey, and I implore you to elucidate it for me once more and with great clarity.

Cosmiel: Pray, what is it?

Theodidactus: You should be aware, my Lord, that in my youth, I heard various teachings in the Peripatetic school concerning the sphere of fire, a realm that I have neither observed above nor below the Moon, nor experienced during our journey. If a fiery sphere existed anywhere, I am certain I would have sensed it with profound discomfort during our voyage.

Cosmiel: If you believe that Aristotle's teachings are absolute truths regarding the nature of celestial bodies, my friend, you are mistaken. In due time, you shall witness that he failed to grasp many of the phenomena I shall reveal to you. Therefore, it should not come as a surprise that he may have erred in his understanding of the sphere of fire. You are correct in asserting that you have not seen the sphere of fire he purportedly placed beneath the Moon's concavity nor experienced it firsthand. Consequently, its true location cannot be there, as you have not observed the hollow interior of the Moon, nor have you encountered the intense heat associated with such fire. The expansive region near the Moon through which I have guided you is not characterized by fire but by the purest ether. It pervades the entire machinery of the Universe, just as it does here, maintaining its consistency. I will unveil the authentic nature of the sphere of fire when we explore the Sun's globe later.

Theodidactus: Your words, my dearest Cosmiel, ring with profound truth, and I now perceive the vast divergence of many philosophers from the path of reality. With the placement of the sphere of fire within the Moon's concavity, they contended that all celestial spheres above it were constructed as if composed of crystalline solidity, stripping celestial bodies of material and elemental form. They removed all attributes and posited that nothing existed except for light. Yet, contemporary astronomers armed with remarkable optical instruments have uncovered quite the contrary. To the best of their ability, they have delved into the deepest mysteries of celestial bodies and unveiled their hidden composition, bringing it closer to the truth.

Cosmiel: Indeed, my son, it is inconceivable for Philosophers, relying solely on their thoughts while disregarding empirical evidence, to establish anything substantial regarding the natural order of the World or deduce the constitution of the universe. Unless substantiated by experimentation, human ideas often stray far from the truth, akin to the distance separating the Moon from the Earth. Nevertheless, we shall explore these matters in greater depth at the appropriate time and place.

Theodidactus: O Cosmiel, illuminator of my intellect, I beseech your pardon for my inquisitiveness. I implore you for one favor: kindly elucidate the nature of those phenomena that I, situated on Earth, have often marveled at. What are those lights and shadows that periodically captivate our attention through optical instruments? I shall gain a deeper understanding of this celestial sphere with this knowledge.

Cosmiel: As you wish.

And suddenly, I found myself standing in the vastest expanse of the lunar ocean, alternatively referred to as the Philippine Ocean or the Ocean of Storms. There, I beheld whirlpools of water swirling with incredible speed, numerous eruptions of heated water, and such turbulent oceanic commotion that I could scarcely recall witnessing anything akin to it.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, what catastrophic phenomena unfold before my eyes? I observe a harrowing spectacle of tumultuous waters. Yet, my beloved instructor, what is the source of the tremendous roar that assails my ears? What are the islands, mountains, and cliffs strewn in countless numbers across this expansive ocean? I am eager to hear your explanations for each facet of this scene.

Cosmiel: The Ocean you see encircles the entire circumference of the Lunar globe, eternally in a state of circular motion, following the rotation of the Moon. These motions are most pronounced when subjected to the direct influence of solar rays, typically occurring during the Full Moon or New Moon phases. As mentioned earlier, lunar water becomes exceptionally mobile, rapidly transitioning to a high degree of rarefaction. This heightened mobility leads to intense agitation during the Full Moon on the near side and the New Moon on the far side. Consequently, the agitated waters of the Lunar Ocean collide with the towering cliffs and extensive mountains, as you can observe, and their sheer number defies enumeration. Recognizing that these opposing motions engender the turbulent commotion you witness is essential. Another contributing factor to the lunar element's heightened mobility is the Sun's daily motion. When this force impacts the sea, it imparts even greater energy, particularly when the sea's orientation is more perpendicular to the Sun. This factor is also responsible for the resounding roar. The collision of waves against cliffs and against each other generates peculiar disturbances within the lunar atmosphere, resulting in unfamiliar and distinctive sounds. By analogy to earthly phenomena, agitated water cannot remain tranquil when enveloped by still air.

Theodidactus: I implore you, if you would be so kind, to elucidate the purpose behind the Supreme Creator of the World orchestrating such profound movements of water on the Moon?

Cosmiel: The ultimate purpose of such great agitation is to ensure that the lunar influence is conveyed more powerfully to the Earthly sphere. This could not happen if the lunar sphere consisted solely of watery elements or if its waters remained still. Through this agitation, the lunar influence is remarkably derived and directed toward the Earthly sphere by a wondrous disposition. By a similar analogy of motion, it affects the objects below it, propelling them toward their respective destinies. You should consider that a similar effect occurs in any liquid, as our own experiences have taught us. For instance, when you agitate a liquid more vigorously, depending on the nature of the liquid, it may release a more pleasant or unpleasant odor. For instance, aromatic substances and fragrant plants emit their fragrance most strongly when warmed through prior friction or when mixed with moisture. The heat induces a concentrated release of scent. When the lunar body continuously impinges upon the Earthly globe with its influence, you should understand that this agitation especially enhances its effects. Furthermore, by tempering the scorching rays of the Sun, this flowing substance cools them considerably and, combined with its temperate nature, imparts a rarefying and moistening potency. Consequently, the excessive heat and harmful rays of the Sun, which could be detrimental to the generation of Earthly entities, become more conducive to these mixed interactions due to the neutralization of the rays. Indeed, if the Moon were to continually direct the same flow of its influence toward the Earth, the latter would suffer significant harm from excessive moisture. Therefore, divine providence has arranged for the Moon to exert its greatest power only around the points of conjunction and opposition when its influence is at its normal strength but not as much during the quadratures or the points near them. This is because, during those times, the influent rays strike the Earth at an oblique angle.

Theodidactus: If vapors indeed exist on this Lunar sphere, as I cannot deny from my sensory experience, please explain why clouds do not form here. I have not had the opportunity to witness them yet. What is the purpose of the rarefying and moistening force that significantly impacts our Earth, and what is its nature?

Cosmiel: Concerning your first question, as you can observe with your own eyes, the lunar waters are composed of such a refined substance that nothing can float upon them, and it is impossible to establish any form of navigation here due to their extreme thinness. Consequently, they emit a vapor that is exceedingly delicate and purified of all earthly impurities, to the extent that it cannot congeal into clouds or give rise to noticeable meteorological phenomena. Thus, you can see that lunar waters are even more transparent than those of Earth. However, because they are condensed within the vast ethereal space through the accumulation of surface particles, some atmosphere is drawn from the Earth. I will elucidate its use and nature more comprehensively towards the end of this chapter. If you can envisage the dewy air at twilight, which spreads across the Earth's surface before the Sun's ascent, you will have a concept of Lunar vapor. When these vapors, produced as a result of the reflection of Solar rays off the lunar body, exceed a specific threshold, they descend, condensing in the cold space and moisten the surface of the Moon through the force of gravity. This phenomenon is believed to occur most significantly on the opposite side of the Moon. As for the illuminated side of the Moon, once the Solar rays' influence dissipates, they transform into thin air and disperse. Concerning your second question, you should be aware that the entire Lunar globe possesses an intrinsic power that, upon emanating its rays into a humid subject, immediately rarefies, expands, dilates, and fertilizes it, to a varying extent, depending on the Moon's position within its orbit. The conveyer of this power is the lunar outflow, which continuously and ceaselessly impacts with its radiant quality, much like the Solar outflow combined with Earthly elements. It is certain, then, that it consistently produces the same effects on Earth, such as the sea's ebb and flow, the fluctuations of moisture in rivers, lakes, and bodies, to varying degrees based on the Moon's position in its orbit. Therefore, the primary purpose of this celestial body in the World, created by the Almighty Creator, first entails assuming the secondary role of the absent Sun in illuminating the Earth. Second, it establishes the months through its periodic revolution and marks the passage of time. Third, by imbuing the Earth with its fertile outflow, it sets everything into motion within it and prepares, fosters, and sustains the generation of entities by propagating its influence. This Lunar influence is so vital to Earth that, without it, the Earth would be unable to maintain its essence and would rapidly disintegrate into dust under the influence of Solar power. The same would occur if the power of the Sun were removed, leaving the Earth solely at the mercy of the Moon. In such a scenario, the effectiveness of its power would lead to an abundance of moisture so great that it would smother the entire Earth. This is where the remarkable divine providence becomes most evident. God has arranged these three celestial bodies鈥攖he Sun, the Moon, and the Earth鈥攊n such a way that if one of the three were to falter, the others would inevitably perish. They have been placed in this natural order to mutually support one another through their reciprocal influences: the Sun supports the Moon and the Earth, the Earth supports the Sun and the Moon, and the Moon supports the Sun and the Earth. This principle extends to the other celestial bodies, as I will later expound upon more extensively.

Theodidactus: I have indeed comprehended everything. I am filled with the utmost delight in learning about the remarkable arrangement of divine providence within the vast mechanism of our worldly sphere. However, dearest Cosmiel, I implore you to now elucidate for me the nature of those enigmatic spots that adorn the lunar surface, spots that have consistently captivated my wonder when observed through celestial telescopes.

Cosmiel: Your request shall be honored, and I shall explain it to you in the same order that numerous astronomers have skillfully delineated in their selenographic observations.

And suddenly, I found myself transported to the loftiest peaks of a mountain range, adorned with an array of dazzling and radiant rocks. These mountains appeared naturally sculpted, forming various ridges resembling rays, creating an expansive island that seemed to hover upon the surface of the Lunar Ocean.

Cosmiel: Do you perceive the remarkable spectacle before you?

Theodidactus: I perceive it, and it fills me with awe, making it almost difficult to catch my breath.

Cosmiel: This is the location within the Lunar Ocean that Astronomers have termed the "source of light." Indeed, when Solar rays strike these rugged mountains, they accentuate the brilliance of the gleaming rocks. Hence, it is not surprising that when observed from Earth, it appears as if there is a radiant crown. Have you ever witnessed Earth's towering mountains, perpetually cloaked in snow and illuminated by the Sun, appearing as if they were displaying a resplendent light to distant observers?

Theodidactus: I have witnessed such sights, and during our aerial journey, while contemplating the Earth from above, I recall observing something akin to what I currently behold on the Moon, especially in the Caucasus Mountains. Consequently, I understand the concept quite well. I realize that the composition of the lunar terrain primarily consists of this radiant rock, which explains why numerous islands within the Lunar Ocean and portions of the lunar continent emit a much brighter light compared to the lunar seas. I also comprehend that astronomers have long posited the veracity of this, namely that the dark, spotted regions on the Moon represent seas, while the luminous areas constitute parts of the lunar continent.

However, with these words, I was elevated above the highest peaks of the mountains.

Cosmiel: Oh, my dear child, now contemplate and fathom the grandeur of God's marvelous creations within your mind.

Theodidactus: Oh, guardian of my soul, I truly behold countless wonders.

Cosmiel: Do you observe the complete lunar sphere encompassed by the Ocean? Can you perceive the intricate patterns of the lunar continent?

Theodidactus: I do, and it fills me with the greatest pleasure and admiration.

Cosmiel: These are the amalgamations of radiant regions, with islands scattered across the Lunar Ocean, all composed of this luminous and gleaming rock unique to the Moon, a material fashioned by the Creator of all things. Do you see the expanses of land stretching far and wide across the Moon's surface, encircling the lunar periphery? Our astronomers sometimes refer to this as the "land of health," at other times, the "land of honor," or as others prefer, the "land of dignity." Can you also discern another stretch of land, which some name the "land of peace," while others term it the "land of life"?

Theodidactus: I can perceive them, but could you kindly elucidate their significance?

Cosmiel: You should know that the hidden providence of God has ordained the entire lunar body in such a manner that, akin to the Earthly sphere, it consists partially of a watery mass and partially of solid, opaque, and robust matter. Do you notice the profound valleys here and the towering mountain peaks, untouched by human presence? Can you perceive the dense shadows they cast?

Theodidactus: I indeed observe them; everything appears much grander than any I have ever beheld on Earth's surface. However, I must inquire: why do such extreme ruggedness and extravagance here characterize the composition? Furthermore, what about these brilliant regions that I see radiating amidst the countless and seemingly randomly dispersed continents?

Cosmiel: In response to your first question, you should be aware that the Author of Nature has ordained the rugged nature of this entire lunar body to allow Solar rays to be vigorously reflected amidst the numerous twists and turns of these colossal mountains. This intensification of heat within the lunar atmosphere is then transmitted to the lunar Sea. Consequently, through the vigor and efficacy of this heat, the entire flow or influent power of the lunar globe is perpetually stimulated for the betterment of the Earthly sphere. This would not be achievable if the lunar globe were smooth and flat, devoid of any prominent features. An additional reason is the intensity of the light, which is marvelously amplified due to the varied reflection of the rays off the rough and rugged surfaces when illuminating the Earth. Therefore, those Philosophers who suggested that the Moon is a mirror-like entity were gravely mistaken. For who would dispute that if it were as smooth as a flat mirror, then the image of the Sun reflected upon it would appear with intolerable brilliance, akin to the Sun itself? Daily experience confirms this phenomenon with our own mirrors, where the image of the Sun should not be gazed upon when its light is reflected directly into our eyes. Moreover, this mirror does not consistently exhibit the Sun's visage unless the angle of the incident rays aligns with the angle of their reflection, as you have demonstrated abundantly in your works. Hence, to prevent the strong reflection of the Lunar mirror from transforming night into an excessively bright day upon the Earth, it was ordained by the supreme design of Nature that when the Sun's light encounters the uneven surface of the Moon, it enhances the heat while providing an appropriate amount of light to illuminate the Earth. Do you now understand why a wall or a mountain, when illuminated by the Sun, does not reveal the Sun's face, whereas a glassy sea mirror does?

Theodidactus: But I must inquire, my learned friend, why, even when the lunar surface is bathed in the brilliant light of day, it does not reveal the face of the Sun?

Cosmiel: The primary reason lies in the composition of the Lunar Ocean, which consists mostly of dark areas, and the lunar water itself is much less dense than Earthly water. As you have witnessed, it is not surprising that the light from the lunar sea appears dimmer to us when the Solar rays only reflect off its darker depths. Additionally, you were curious about those numerous luminous regions found both in the Lunar Ocean and on the lunar continent. As you have nearly witnessed, allow me to explain that these regions are essentially elevated terrains on the Moon. Comprised of bright and gleaming stones and situated at higher elevations, they shine more brilliantly to us than the flatter and rougher lunar surfaces. This is further substantiated by the fact that there is some darkness encircling the edges of these regions, which, due to their sloping nature, are less exposed to direct sunlight and consequently appear darker to observers on Earth.

Theodidactus: I understand now. What about those dark furrows that seem to be etched into the lunar landscape like wells?

Cosmiel: Those are the deepest recesses nestled amidst the peaks of the mountains, where the Sun's rays seldom penetrate, except during a Full Moon when the Sun is positioned directly overhead. These furrows expand and contract as the Sun ascends and descends along the lunar horizon, a phenomenon that you have undoubtedly observed while on Earth.

Theodidactus: Indeed, I have. I also surmise that the reason for the varying degrees of brightness within these furrows mirrors that of the lunar mountains, which cast shadows. But could you elucidate the significance of the intense churning of waters in the Southern Ocean? It appears to be a powerful ebb and flow of the sea.

Cosmiel: The surging waters you observe are emanating from intricate subterranean channels concealed beneath the lunar surface. This flow is not continuous but transpires solely during the New Moon when the lunar sea on the far side from the Sun experiences agitation and expansion due to the influence of Solar rays. These phenomena occur in specific areas across this celestial globe, some of which I shall unveil to you now, while others I will reveal later.

With these words, he transported me into the vast expanse of the lunar mountains, preparing to show me the opposite side of the Moon.

Part II

Regarding the Sights on the Far and Sunlit Side of the Moon.

Theodidactus: O Cosmiel, my divine Master, what does the prolonged day on the Moon signify? We have been on this journey for nearly fourteen days without encountering night or any stars. It is evident that we are in a World entirely distinct from our earthly experience.

Cosmiel: You should be aware that we have been traversing the lunar equatorial path throughout our journey. Given that the lunar sphere continually presents its midsection to the Sun, and we have been following the Moon's orbital motion, it is unsurprising that we have been in constant proximity to the Sun. The relentless and oppressive heat you have experienced, which you expressed concerns about, indeed attests to this fact. In places where the Sun is perpetually present, there can be no night due to the prevailing daytime heat. And where there is no night, the brilliance of the stars remains concealed, as the stronger illumination from the Sun outshines the fainter light of the stars. Nevertheless, to fulfill your curiosity, I shall reveal to you the night, the entire congregation of stars, and elucidate their positions and arrangements as they manifest themselves on this lunar sphere. The lunar terrain is characterized by its rugged and uneven nature, adorned with towering mountain ranges and profound valleys. While determining the precise heights of these mountains may pose challenges, it is undeniable that the peaks of these lunar mountains attain considerable altitudes. These mountain ranges and deep valleys constitute distinctive features of the lunar landscape, distinct from the seas and continents. Regarding the interplay of light and shadow in these regions, the Moon lacks an atmosphere, resulting in a stark demarcation between areas of illumination and darkness. When these mountains stand in opposition to the Sun, their height casts long and profound shadows during daylight hours, while the illuminated regions gleam brightly due to sunlight reflection. The absence of an atmospheric medium on the Moon prevents light refraction, contributing to the elongated and dark shadows cast by the mountains.

Hardly had he finished speaking when I found myself swiftly transported to the opposite illuminated side of the Moon, inducing a sensation of vertigo. Subsequently, I embarked on a journey through darkness akin to the twilight hours on Earth. During this traverse, I beheld the Lunar Ocean encompassing the entire circumference of the Moon, in addition to the Ocean on the illuminated side of the lunar sphere. Here and there, I observed vast stretches of undulating waves, while in select areas, the ocean extended further, resembling a wide strait. However, the terrestrial portions were dispersed across the landscape with immense gaps, displaying rugged and uneven features that rendered human access entirely impractical. If you were to envision a forbidding and bristling surface, akin to a porcupine's hide, you would gain an apt representation of these regions on the lunar hemisphere, riddled with cracks, crevices, and jagged rocky formations in all directions. Concerning the boundary between light and shadow, the sheer height of these mountains defied measurement. Extending deep into the Lunar Ocean, I observed certain structures resembling towering spires, appearing as distant barriers. Furthermore, the cold was intensely piercing, particularly during the Full Moon, and I could scarcely recall encountering such an acute and biting chill. Were it not for divine protection, I would have been unable to endure even a fleeting moment in this place, owing to an inexplicable suffocating property of the lunar atmosphere. The deafening roar of the waters nearly overwhelmed me. This tumultuous occurrence stemmed from the fact that, on the illuminated side of the Moon, the waters of the Lunar Ocean, incessantly battered by Solar rays, underwent rarification and expansion. Seeking solace  in the dark Hemisphere of the Moon, they congregated there, forming masses reminiscent of mountains and engaging in ferocious clashes and turbulent commotion, all of which, as I shall elucidate later, transpire in accordance with the veiled laws of divine wisdom.

Theodidactus: But my Almighty God, what is this spectacle? O dearest Cosmiel, how extraordinary and unprecedented this celestial realm must appear to terrestrial observers! If only astronomers were here with me, armed with their celestial telescopes, how

Cosmiel: What do you perceive, my son?

Theodidactus: I see fiery orbs resembling mountains. Please, enlighten me about these extraordinary celestial wonders.

Cosmiel: That luminous and speckled sphere you are witnessing in the center of the sky is the Earth.

Theodidactus: Indeed, this is a peculiar sight to me.

Cosmiel: It is so. Observe everything attentively.

Theodidactus: I am intrigued by the unusual size of that Earthly sphere, nearly occupying one and a half degrees in diameter. What about the bright circle encircling it? And those peculiar marks and spots? What causes the sudden appearances of darkness that come and go?

Cosmiel: Because the Earth is significantly larger than the Moon when viewed from this vantage point, optical principles dictate that it would appear larger as well. The radiant circle enveloping the Earth is a result of light from Earth's atmosphere reaching us. Solar rays refract in various ways when this atmosphere is densely saturated with vapors, creating the luminous halo you observe. The spots and marks you see, such as the seas, are vast regions on Earth.

Theodidactus: Your explanation aligns with my observations. I can now gradually discern the positions of various places on the Earthly globe. I can perceive Europe resembling a distorted human figure, with Spain as the head, France as the chest, Italy on the right, and England on the left. Africa takes the shape of a heart, and I recognize the Mediterranean Sea nestled beautifully between Europe and Africa. The Black Sea and the Caspian Sea appear like two darkened eyes. Asia, with the Indus and Ganges, Africa with the Nile and Niger rivers, and Europe adorned with the Danube and Rhine, all resemble silver threads. I can identify the great Kingdoms of China and India, extending like tongues into the ocean. However, Cosmiel, what do those spots scattered across the entire Earth's surface signify? Sometimes they darken into the deepest shades and then brighten into the most brilliant points. They seem to change continually, having no fixed location.

Cosmiel: Those are clouds, traversing the Earth's surface. They form in one place, dissolve into rain elsewhere, only to return to their source. When clouds carry a substantial mass of water, they appear dark, while those with a thinner composition absorb light readily and reflect it back to us, creating brighter spots.

Theodidactus: But why do we not observe similar formations on the Moon, given that both Earth and Moon are celestial bodies?

Cosmiel: As I mentioned earlier, the lunar waters are scarce, insufficient for cloud, rain, or hail formation. However, the Moon possesses ample bright vapors, spread across its surface, which, despite their widespread presence, do not obscure the lunar landscape due to their lack of opacity. Conversely, clouds on our Earthly globe form from the abundant mix of elements in Earth's water content. These clouds can ascend into the upper atmosphere through the workings of Nature and the cooler surrounding air, where they may condense into opaque clouds, freeze into hail, or melt into rain. These processes are essential for the functioning of the earthly ecosystem.

Theodidactus: I grasp the concept now. May I also inquire about those fiery orbs I see encircling the Moon's horizon, at times appearing bifurcated, dichotomous, and occasionally full?

Cosmiel: The distant one is Venus, while the other is Mercury.

Theodidactus: But why do they appear exceptionally large? I could almost believe there were two additional Moons!

Cosmiel: The reason is that each celestial body at this time achieves its maximum proximity to the Moon within its orbit; both are at aphelion. Thus, the farther they are from the Sun, the closer they stand to the Moon on that side where the aphelia of the Sun, Venus, and Mercury coincide with that of the Moon, and consequently they appear in larger proportions, as optical reasoning teaches. Moreover, since those two spherical bodies receive no light except from the Sun, the same phenomena that occur on the Earthly and Lunar spheres must also occur here; but since you will soon discover these phenomena more clearly from the examination of those bodies themselves, I do not wish to dwell on them further.

Theodidactus: How marvelous the stars appear! Countless stars grace my vision, beyond what I could have imagined on Earth or in my wildest dreams. I observe the diversity in their positions, the vast distances that separate them, and the stark contrast in their sizes. In short, I perceive a multitude of distinctions among them. But I beseech you, my dearest Cosmiel, kindly elucidate the mystery for me, so that I may comprehend the arrangement of these widely scattered stars.

Cosmiel: Patience, my son, for after we have traversed all the planetary orbs and other celestial bodies, I shall unveil the mysteries to you clearly. Therefore, prepare yourself and be steadfast.

Theodidactus: I shall wait for a while and dedicate myself to the thorough examination of all the phenomena exhibited by the Earth and the other celestial bodies. I aim to gain a deeper understanding, as guided by the teachings of Astronomers.

Cosmiel: As you wish, we shall proceed accordingly.

As I gazed upon the Earth, I noticed that the phenomena we observe from the Moon while on Earth behave strikingly similar. Initially, it no longer appeared as a Full Moon but as a 'Full Earth,' positioned between the Earth and the Sun, illuminating the entire terrestrial surface. Gradually, it transitioned into a bumpy face known as 'gibbous.' Subsequently, I found the Earth in a dichotomous phase, with half of its hemisphere bathed in sunlight. Finally, it waned into the likeness of a crescent moon and ultimately disappeared entirely, positioned between the Sun and the Moon. We could rightfully call this not a 'New Moon' but a 'New Earth,' which signifies the conjunction of the Sun and the Earth. Therefore, when we on Earth experience a Full Moon, those on the Moon do not witness a Full Earth but, instead, a New Moon, or more accurately, a 'New Earth,' representing the alignment of the Sun and the Earth. Conversely, when we on Earth experience a New Moon, I, on the Moon, observe a Full Moon, that is, a 'Full Earth,' which signifies the opposition of the Moon and the Sun. This reverse relationship also holds for the other phases, which left me astounded. I couldn't help but ponder the audacious proposals of some modern astronomers who boldly claim that the Earth possesses its own mobile axis. If that were indeed the case, the Earth's entire surface would be uniformly illuminated over a span of twenty-four hours. However, even though I paid particular attention to this matter while on the Moon, I did not observe any such phenomenon. Furthermore, I noticed absolutely no motion of the Moon I was on; instead, I believed that the Earth was moving according to the same laws that we, residing on Earth, conceive of the Moon's motion. I also observed lunar Eclipses while on the Moon, which coincided with solar eclipses observed by Earth's inhabitants, and vice versa鈥擲olar eclipses when they witnessed lunar ones. Given that the Lunar Hemisphere always faces some part of the Earth, and as I mentioned earlier, the Earth does not rotate on its own axis but rather, the Moon orbits the Earth, I only saw a portion of the Earth鈥攖he side facing the Moon. This view appeared somewhat larger and unusual due to significant refraction in the terrestrial vapors perpetually surrounding the Earth. Additionally, when I observed the Earth's side turned away from the Sun, it exhibited a secondary and subdued light, much akin to what we witness during eclipses. This illumination was nothing other than the Earth's light, reflected from its side averted from the Sun. I also came to understand the remarkable difference between lunar days and terrestrial days. Given that the same face of the Moon continually faces the Sun, I discovered that lunar days were approximately fifteen times longer than our Earthly days, equivalent to one terrestrial day. For instance, from the last quarter to the following first quarter, I experienced an extended day, while for the remaining fifteen days, from the first to the second quarter, I encountered an extended night. At the point where I was situated, bridging the centers of the Earth and the Moon, noon presented itself during the New Moon, and midnight during the Full Moon. I witnessed the Sun rising during the last quarter and setting during the first quarter. In the illuminated face of the Moon, which always faces the Sun, I endured perpetual and sweltering heat, reminiscent of summer. In contrast, I endured extreme and unbearable cold on the unseen and dark hemisphere, akin to winter. Hence, it is not unreasonable that we referred to one part as 'summer' and the other as 'winter.' Additionally, the Sun's behavior astonished me beyond words. Depending on the time, I observed different aspects of the Sun, particularly in the lunar hemisphere facing away from us. At times, it appeared crescent-shaped, while at other times, it seemed half or full. The only explanation for this phenomenon was the lunar body's swelling, causing the Sun's appearance to fluctuate based on the Moon's varying distance from the Sun. I also observed all these phenomena of waxing and waning light on the globes of Venus and Mercury. Venus appeared unusually large, positioned at perigee, and I noticed a similar phenomenon with Mercury. There were moments when I wondered if I was witnessing two suns in the sky. However, I will delve into these matters more extensively in the subsequent discussion. After these observations, I turned to Cosmiel with the following address.

Theodidactus: Oh, most faithful Guide, oh, wisest Instructor, I have now beheld the incomprehensible works of the Lord, whose number surpasses calculation. I beseech you to enlighten my feeble understanding so that I may learn from you, the omniscient Master, the things I have yet to comprehend.

Cosmiel: Inquire freely, and I shall endeavor to satisfy your desires, for I am here to assist you in this endeavor.

Theodidactus: There is one matter that perplexes me: how does the Moon exist in this ethereal expanse, and what purpose do these vast arrays of mountains, valleys, lakes, and seas on the Moon serve? Why do I not perceive any motion of the Moon, despite our observations on Earth of its daily rising and setting, as well as its apparent traversal along the grand path of the Zodiac, at times shifting to the south and at other times to the north?

Cosmiel: I shall elucidate these matters in the order you have presented them. First, you inquire about how the Moon exists in the vast expanse of the ethereal Ocean. Are you concerned about a calamity befalling the Moon due to a lack of support?

Theodidactus: Given that I see no visible means of support, and no solid sphere as amusingly imagined by Aristotelian philosophers, my concerns are well-founded.

Cosmiel: Dispense with your fears and lend your attention to my explanation. The Creator of the World, in His boundless wisdom, endowed countless cosmic systems with hidden virtues and properties from the very inception of the universe. Although all things share a common composition of elements, they do not necessarily share identical qualities and properties. Instead, they possess as many diverse qualities and properties as there are distinct entities in the world, a number beyond measure. This has been done to manifest His glory, power, wisdom, and the incomprehensible Majesty of the Creator in His creations. Furthermore, despite the distinct nature of all cosmic orbs and systems, the arrangement has been orchestrated through the incomprehensible disposition of divine wisdom, such that no matter how minuscule a body may be, it is drawn into the unity of the whole and contributes to the preservation of the entire universe. Therefore, when the Moon is one such body, it should not astonish you that it exists in the ethereal space through its own inherent virtue, without the need for external support. Its specific distance from the Earth and unique position enable it to effectively fulfill its purpose. Since the Moon's center differs from the Earth's center, all parts of the Moon are not inclined toward the Earth, the Sun, Venus, Mercury, or other planets. Instead, they are oriented toward their own center, the Moon. They gravitate towards it, congregate there, and conspire to safeguard this celestial body. In doing so, they more effectively fulfill the purpose for which the infinitely wise Creator fashioned them. Without this arrangement, the universe would descend into chaos, and the order of the world would disintegrate. Thus, the lunar globe possesses its own entirely coherent and stable center. The machinery of the world would sooner disappear than deviate from the prescribed laws. Therefore, if you were to detach a part of the Moon you mentioned earlier and transfer it to another celestial body or globe within the universe, you should be aware that it is so intricately bound to its center that it cannot exist anywhere else except in its natural center. It craves its center exclusively, flowing towards it like a component to its corresponding whole, as though they were homogenous and akin to one another. I wish to convey that this concept of the lunar globe is applicable to any other celestial body or globe. However, I shall provide an analogy to facilitate your understanding. The human body comprises seven principal organs: the brain, heart, stomach, liver, kidneys, spleen, and bladder. Each of these organs possesses a distinct characteristic: it attracts only what is most suitable for its own nature. For instance, the heart seeks only the most fitting nourishment for its sustenance, rejecting anything else. Specifically, it desires those types of food that bear a semblance to its own nature because like attracts like. Thus, the heart does not yearn for hepatic, cephalic, or splenic sustenance; instead, it craves cardiac nourishment, as if it were congruent with its nature, sympathetic, and naturally inclined toward its center. Similarly, in the Macrocosm, the broader universe, the unfathomable wisdom of divine power has separated spherical bodies from the chaos. These celestial centers possess different inclinations, positions, and distances, each drawing to itself only what is most suitable for its nature.

Theodidactus: Your words, brimming with the sacraments of divine wisdom, delight me in the most wonderful way. You gently imbue me with irrefutable arguments of truth, leaving no room for doubt when reason's weight persuades me so convincingly. How disconcerting it is to consider the Philosophy of those who attach the Moon and other celestial bodies to crystalline spheres, as if they could exist without any risk of accidents!

Cosmiel: Now, let us address the second challenge you've posed, which pertains to the significance of the extensive presence of mountains, seas, and other lunar surface features. We must remember that God and Nature create nothing in vain, and there is a deeper purpose behind these lunar formations. It's essential to understand that if the lunar globe were a perfectly spherical mirror, as some mistakenly believe, its influence on our earthly world would be ineffective. This is because, if the Moon were spherical like a mirror, its reflection of the Sun's light would only strike the Earth at a specific angle. Consequently, the inhabitants of Earth would not perceive the true illuminated face of the Moon, but rather a portion of the lunar surface illuminated at a particular angle, creating the illusion of the Sun's figure. In such a scenario, the illuminated area on Earth would be limited to certain portions of its surface, as the reflected rays would only reach specific locations. Additionally, during Lunar phases like sextile or dichotomy, when the Sun's rays do not fall directly on the Earth but strike elsewhere on the Moon's surface, we would see nothing from the Moon. To prevent this frustration of Nature's purpose in the constitution of the Moon, the all-wise Creator designed it so that even the smallest parts of the Lunar surface could reflect their own portion of the Sun's light toward us. This phenomenon becomes evident when we observe various parts of the Moon, especially in the densely populated region of Lunar islands that seem to float on the Lunar Ocean. It's akin to what happens with a rough and unpolished surface, which, while not creating a perfect mirror image of the Sun like a polished mirror, disperses the Sun's light in a way that evenly illuminates the entire surface. Unlike mirrors that reflect light from a single point, every point on a rough surface disperses light, even amidst surface irregularities and multiple angles. Thus, what might lack in the intensity of light compared to a polished mirror is compensated for by the extent of light on the rugged lunar surface. Similarly, the Lunar body, with its bright and dark regions, cloudy and variegated colors, reflects uneven light to us on Earth. As we've observed, the brighter regions on the lunar surface correspond to elevated areas on Earth. Darker regions represent seas or lakes, while black areas indicate shadows of mountains or regions with inaccessible brightness in valleys and depressions. This is apparent when we consider that, as the Sun rises higher above the Lunar horizon during different phases, the somewhat darker lunar regions become increasingly illuminated, and they are completely illuminated at noon, which occurs during the Full Moon when the Sun and the Moon are in opposition.

Theodidactus: What is the significance of the numerous mountains, valleys, and cliffs? For what purpose did the Author of Nature create them?

Cosmiel: The purpose of these natural features is to allow solar rays, as they enter the recesses and walls of the many mountains, to be reflected in various ways, not only in terms of light but also in the form of heat, which is essential for both the Moon and the Earth. Consequently, the intense and effective heat warms the lunar sphere, and this warmth is then conveyed to its seas. As a result, the lunar sea expands and becomes rarified due to the influence of the tides, enabling it to distribute the Moon's influence more effectively to the earthly realm. To provide you with further clarity on this matter, it's essential to understand that all celestial bodies possess unique virtues and properties beyond their luminosity. These virtues were instilled in them by the most wise Creator since the inception of the universe, and they continue to impact the terrestrial world, which was designed for their existence. Given that these virtues remain dormant and concealed without the presence of heat, the Sun awakens the latent potential within the Lunar body with the powerful efficacy of its heating attributes. As this Lunar influence extends into the Earthly realm, it progressively fulfills its intended purposes for which it was originally created. Moreover, it's worth noting the profound impact of heat, akin to the power of fire, in stirring and propagating the inherent properties of objects once they have been subjected to its warmth. As the Sun approaches its zenith, and as it disseminates the increments of its heat, the Earth responds by generating abundant foliage, blossoms, sprouts, and fruits, as if rejuvenated from a dormant state. I will refrain from elaborating further on these points. Please feel free to pose any additional questions or explore other topics of interest.

Theodidactus: I have comprehended everything thoroughly. However, I beseech you most wise one, to shed light on the significance of the Supreme Creator's decision to perpetually shroud the dark side of the Moon away from the Sun. What purpose lies behind the Moon's diverse appearances? I am perplexed by the notion that this side, which I have personally encountered as intensely cold due to its remoteness from the Sun, could harbor any particular significance.

Cosmiel: My dear son, you hesitate wisely; therefore, it seems fitting to delve a little deeper into your doubt so that you may fully understand everything. First, you must suppose that the Supreme and Greatest God has arranged everything in the world, as well as the entire machinery of the universe, though composed of opposing elements, in such a marvelous harmony as to converge into unity. Hence, you see all the bodies of the universe, if you except the Sun as the giver of life, arranged in such a way that they receive light and darkness, rarefaction and condensation, heat and cold in a perpetual alternation; indeed, this is clearly evident in the earthly globe, where day alternates with night, night with day, cold with heat, heat with cold, summer with winter, winter with summer, according to a stable and unshaken law of nature, in an eternal succession of alternate vicissitudes. This, indeed, has been done by the supreme counsel of God; through these vicissitudes, heat and cold are tempered by alternating successions, the kinds of things are promoted, and thus the earth, while subjected to the laws of such great changes, is fortified with the greatest strength and constancy in its proper operations. Moreover, since the earth does not have this alternation except from the Sun and Moon, on whose influences it depends, it has been a remarkable act of divine providence that the celestial bodies were arranged in such a way that they would administer the economy of the terrestrial world in the best and most convenient manner. Therefore, supposing all this, you ask, what does the dark side of the Moon signify? What does that manifold appearance of the Moon mean? What do those manifold wonders of the phases signify? Know, therefore, that the various aspects or phases of the Moon are intended by nature for this purpose: to moderate both the force of the Moon, by which all things on the earth are imbued with moisture, and the increase and decrease of lunar light. For if the Moon were to constantly show us a bright face, not only would there be no distinction of time, but the earth would also necessarily perish from the excessive abundance of lunar light and its influence, as it would be overwhelmed and absorbed by the abundance of moisture; just as if the Sun were to continually run under one and the same parallel, no wise person should doubt that the machinery of the terrestrial world would be dissolved by its perpetual violence. Therefore, the Sun and Moon are so arranged in this theater of the World that the Moon, constantly exposed to the solar rays, moderates the heat of the Sun by the efficacy of its humid virtue. And so that it does not strike the surface of the earth with the same face continually, overwhelming the earth with the abundance of its moisture, it turns its face to the terrestrial globe in such a way that it presents not always a full or half face, but with a successive decrease or increase of its light, sometimes entirely lacking light, sometimes restoring the diminished supply of moisture with a proportionate increase of light. Thus, the Moon is so arranged that it presents to us through the course of measurable space only as much of its dark side as it does of its bright side; for just as in the full moon it presents to us its entire face imbued with light, so in the time of the new moon it turns toward us its entire dark side. In this manner, in the quarters, it offers us an equal portion of light and darkness, and in the sextile aspect it presents to us only as much darkness as it shows light in its illuminated face, so that, divided as it were by rights, the terrestrial body preserves in its strength an equal proportion of light and darkness, heat and cold, rarefaction and condensation; for what the moonlight dissolves on earth, cold contracts by its influx; what it disperses, it gathers again; what it weakens by its excessive warmth, it preserves from putrefaction.

Theodidactus: But what is the significance of those tumultuous whirlpools of water on the dark face of the Moon?

Cosmiel: Since the Moon's globe, as you see, is not unlike the Earth's, and the Lunar Ocean surrounds the entire globe, it could not have been otherwise, given that the part turned towards the Sun, being struck by solar rays, would undergo considerable rarefaction and expansion. Hence, when wave upon wave is driven as they meet on the opposite face of the Moon, it is necessary that large whirlpools and heaps of watery mountains arise from there, yet not without a singular intention of nature. For from this vigorous motion of the Lunar Ocean, associated with the moistening power, and joined with cold, it produces marvelous effects on the Earth, such as we observe particularly at the time of the new moon. From this, the abundance of moisture in plants and animals is perceived, and the violence of cold is emptied and consumed by its inherent property. However, since nature desires more warmth than cold, the Lunar globe is so constituted that by its oscillation, that is, by its motion around the center oscillating on both sides, it illuminates the greater part of the Moon, lest the prolonged violence of cold and darkness inflict irreparable damage upon the Earth.

Theodidactus: I have comprehended everything thoroughly. However Cosmiel, I now request an explanation as to why Almighty God has not populated this lunar sphere with humans, animals, or vegetation.

Cosmiel: I explain the reasoning to you briefly: Since the Creator of the World, God, created the Sun, the Moon, and the other stars only for the sake of the terrestrial world; certainly, they would seem to be produced in vain on the Moon. For since animals and plants are made for the sake of humans, it would not be suitable for them to be produced on the Lunar globe; for if they were produced there, it would not be in accordance with the purpose of the Supreme Creator. Indeed, the Moon was created for the sole purpose that, in the absence of the Sun, it would serve as a substitute for the Sun, distinguishing the seasons and, through its influential power and other properties bestowed upon it by the Author of nature, which you have heard of, preserve them, either by weakening the powers of the Sun and the other stars or, as required by its position in relation to their orbits, augmenting them, thus bringing about a harmonious cooperation of all and each for the good and unity of the entire world.

Theodidactus: How would their circumstances have unfolded had God chosen to position humans on the Moon?

Cosmiel: I want to point out to you, Theodidactus, that all celestial and ethereal globes, to the extent of their natural position, have obtained greater differences from the terrestrial globe the closer or farther away they are from the Sun. Therefore, since the Moon, by its natural position, is much closer to the Sun, it had to be altered by that continuous aspect of the Sun in such a way that, as you yourself have experienced, it would be impossible for terrestrial humans to live there without some supernatural power. Just as it has obtained different virtues and elemental properties altogether due to its different position in the world, it cannot support human sustenance; as you undoubtedly felt, the rarefaction of Lunar air is not sufficient for breathing, and you also saw that Lunar elemental water, imbued with some swelling virtue, contributes nothing to sustaining human life. Who, furthermore, could endure perpetual daylight for fifteen days amidst the hottest heats of rocky regions? Who could endure the varying alternations of the Moon regarding heat, cold, light, darkness, and all the other discomforts entirely contrary to human condition? If, however, it were granted (which I do not concede) that humans were produced in the Lunar World, I say they would have been entirely different in nature from the humans of the terrestrial world; for the quality of the Lunar body is such that it expands and swells bodies by its influential power, those humans would have degenerated into unusual shapes and forms; for parts of such humans, such as the stomach and brain, would have swollen and enlarged to such an extent that they would have seemed more like monsters than humans, which should also be understood of animals; Trees and plants would have obtained a constitution regarding colors, properties, leaves, flowers, and fruits not suited for terrestrial but Lunar regions. From these points, if I am not mistaken, it is clear and more than enough to show that humans, animals, and plants could not have been produced on the Lunar globe on the same reasoning as terrestrial creatures. Furthermore, the extent to which different positions of celestial bodies can alter things is clearly evident even from the very luminous terrestrial globe. Don't you see that humans, animals, and plants coming from the sub-equatorial torrid Zone differ greatly from other humans under the temperate or cold Zones in manners, colors, intelligence, and even in form? The reason for this is nothing other than the disparate conditions of the parts of the earth, the greater or lesser force and efficacy of the Sun perpetually striking the earth; if such a great change occurs in the surroundings of terrestrial Zones, what do you think can occur in bodies of celestial spheres completely different from the earth? But I don't know how we were carried away by this discussion, perhaps more than was appropriate, we have lingered in such argumentation; Therefore, to see greater and more pleasant things, it is now time to approach the other globes of the World proposed to us. So, gird up your loins, and whatever you see as unusual and admirable, or whatever you hear me explain, I would like you to store it in your deep heart; Let's go then, Theodidactus. May God be present in our endeavors!

With these words, I found myself enveloped in a winged cloak and transported from the lunar body into the vast ethereal regions.

CHAPTER II.

A Journey from the Moon to the Globe of Venus.

Theodidactus: Oh, my dearest Cosmiel, what am I witnessing? What is the significance of that immense fiery globe before me?

Cosmiel: The one you are observing is the globe of Venus, known to your astronomers as Phosphorus or Hesperus.

Theodidactus: My dear Cosmiel, I beseech you to quicken our pace and allow us to examine the wonders of this globe more closely, for I am filled with an intense desire to comprehend the brilliance of this extraordinary light.

Cosmiel: I will fulfill your desire.

With these words, I was swiftly carried through the vast ethereal expanse by the rapid motion of the east wind [Eurus] and west wind [Zephyrus] until I found myself standing before the very globe of Venus. However, it seemed that I was not carried gently but rather plummeted downward like a falling stone.

Theodidactus: But oh, Cosmiel, what is this?

Cosmiel: Do not be surprised, for we have entered the sphere of activity of the globe of Venus, and our movement is not of our own accord but guided by my influence, drawing us toward its center. As you can see, we are now almost at our destination.

Theodidactus: Oh, my dear Cosmiel, I am witnessing an extraordinary spectacle, a vastness of this globe, and an abundance of brilliant rocks!

Cosmiel: You will see even greater things shortly.

With these words, I found myself placed directly on the surface of Venus. Here, I encountered a wholly exotic and unfamiliar transformation of the environment. This globe bore no resemblance to our Earth or the Moon; it was entirely alien and unseen by mortal eyes. The entire terrain seemed to consist of the purest liquid, and its structure appeared to be fashioned from the most exquisite crystal. As I ventured further, an immense ocean stretched out before me, its light so gentle that I struggled to recall anything similar in my past experiences. This radiance was not blinding but rather exceptionally soft and soothing to the eyes. The water did not tumultuously surge like the lunar waves but instead undulated with a gentle grace. The islands, mountains, and cliffs, though crystal-like, possessed a transparency and nature entirely distinct from our terrestrial crystal. Words fail to express adequately the depth of my desire to immerse myself in this spectacle, for language falls short of conveying its true essence. When this landscape embraced the Sun's rays, it emanated such a wondrous light that words alone could scarcely do justice to the phenomenon.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, I implore you to elucidate the extraordinary composition of this globe. My dear friend, I beseech you, are these elemental waters, and can the cliffs of this globe genuinely be considered terrestrial? What, my dear Cosmiel, does the tranquil motion of Venus's sea symbolize?

Cosmiel: As I've previously conveyed, at the dawn of the world, the Supreme Creator bestowed the four elements upon all things. Indeed, the aqueous element you witness here is fundamentally the element of water. However, the substance comprising the structure of Venus, the terrestrial element, has acquired distinct virtues due to its unique position and role in the cosmic order, setting it apart from the Earth. Nonetheless, it is not fundamentally dissimilar from the terrestrial globe. While waters on various celestial bodies may differ in color, scent, taste, and attributes, they are still composed of the same aqueous element. Similarly, the ethereal globes contain elements of either a more rarefied or denser nature, each possessing unique properties to maintain their respective globes, despite all being true and proper elements in essence.

Theodidactus: Could someone in this place, whether they be Hebrew or Pagan, perform a baptism with water like this?

Cosmiel: Why do you doubt it? Since the element of water is true and proper to this globe, there is no doubt that one could be baptized in this water. Just as someone on the terrestrial globe, in a pressing necessity, could be baptized in seawater, brackish water, or water with any other peculiar properties, as long as it is immediately derived from the aqueous element. The fact that water may sometimes be sweet, bitter, or acidic is incidental. As it moves through the Earth, the aqueous element can acquire different qualities and properties from the surrounding environment, which may alter its taste. Therefore, to avoid putting the baptizer in doubt as to whether they have genuinely and naturally administered the Sacrament of Baptism, the most benevolent God established the Sacrament so that any water suffices as long as it does not contradict the nature of the aqueous element. In this way, any water (except for that extracted from metals and plants using the power of fire, which is not truly and adequately elemental water) can be used for the Sacrament of Baptism. Similarly, the water of the Moon is indeed elemental, just like the water you see on Venus. There is no other water element in this globe than what you see. Since that water is fundamentally true, if by some impossibility a Pagan, a Hebrew, or a child was placed there, they could be baptized with the proper water of this globe. If baptism were to be administered there, it could be done legitimately. Similarly, if vines were to grow on this globe, the wine produced from them, although it might have different properties, could still be used for the Holy Eucharist. This is because this globe, by its inherent nature, would produce wine suitable for its own place, and no other.

Theodidactus: I have grasped your meaning perfectly, for you unfold everything so deeply and subtly that there is no room for further doubt in my mind. But oh, Cosmiel, why did Almighty God create these globes with such ruggedness and roughness?

Cosmiel: What I explained earlier about the Lunar globe should also be understood for the globe of Venus. The globe needed to be rough and unpolished since a perfectly smooth and polished globe would not be able to harness its natural power for the benefit of the Earth without a suitable surface to receive the Sun's rays. From this perspective, the uneven and rugged surface allows the Solar rays to be variously reflected and concentrated between the crystalline rocks, intensifying both the light and the heat of the globe. With this increased intensity, the influential power, according to its inherent nature, can more precisely and perfectly perform its task as designated by God and Nature. For the same reason, various degrees of motion were imparted to the moisture in the globes, some more intense and others milder, depending on the requirements of each globe's nature, as without motion, nothing is transformed in the Natural World.

Theodidactus: But oh, the wondrous transformation of things that I experience as I contemplate the exact positions of the other stars from this globe! What is the meaning of this marvel, I ask, where within twelve hours, I experience the setting Sun, the rising Sun, a vast Moon, which then vanishes, now day, then night, lasting for only a few hours, and a night so bright?

Cosmiel: Don't be surprised; I'll explain the reason behind this phenomenon briefly. The structure of Venus, as designed by Nature with a concealed purpose, results in its rotation around its own axis in approximately 14 hours. Consequently, since we currently inhabit this celestial body, we must move in tandem with its rotation. As a consequence, it may seem as though the Sun rises, swiftly ascends to its zenith, sets, and eventually ushers in nightfall. Even though you may not perceive this movement and might believe that the globe remains stationary while only the Sun is in motion, this is purely an optical illusion on your part. It's akin to the sensation you experience when aboard a swiftly moving ship, where you might mistakenly perceive the motion as coming from the shores. This same principle applies here. However, since these explanations are likely already familiar to you, I won't dwell on them further. As for the brevity of the night, consider this: when the Sun's rays sweep across the majority of Venus's surface鈥攇iven that Venus is nearly half the size of Earth and orbits closer to the Sun鈥攐nly a small portion on the opposite side remains shrouded in darkness. Consequently, the night is exceedingly brief and scarcely surpasses the dimness of twilight. This is primarily due to the intense reflection of light from the crystalline mountains, the rapid rotation of the entire globe on its axis, and the proximity and size of the Moon, which acts as a surrogate sun on the opposite side. Hence, a perpetual day without night prevails, even when the Sun occupies positions in the opposite signs of the zodiac.

Theodidactus: I observe the Moon appearing notably more prominent than usual, shining like a colossal wheel. Furthermore, I perceive all the features of Earth's surface, including its highlands and seas, with a level of clarity far surpassing anything I've ever witnessed from our home planet.

Cosmiel: It's important to understand that this phenomenon occurs because, at this particular moment, both Venus and the Moon are positioned at the farthest points in their orbits from Earth, bringing them as close together as they can be. Consequently, they appear larger in the sky. When Venus and the Moon reach their apogees and align at opposite ends of their orbits, they present themselves as substantial celestial bodies, particularly when the apogees of their orbits closely coincide. A similar effect can be observed with Mercury, which also appears as an exceptionally sizable globe for the same reasons.

Theodidactus: Cosmiel, could you please elucidate the significance of that star, which, though notably large, exhibits phases akin to those of the Moon?

Cosmiel: That is your homeland, the terrestrial globe, the dwelling place of humanity.

Theodidactus: But what does this signify? I observe it rising, ascending to its zenith, and eventually setting. I now comprehend the validity of those who assert that it follows its own distinct orbits.

Cosmiel: You are mistaken, my son. It remains stationary among all celestial bodies. Nevertheless, what you perceive as its motion is merely an optical illusion. As I previously elucidated, you and the globe beneath you are in motion within its annual orbit and rotating around its own axis. The star itself does not undergo any movement, as you have been told.

Theodidactus: I have comprehended your explanation thoroughly, and your wisdom in speaking is evident. However, what causes the variation in its illumination, with it occasionally appearing full, then half, and now taking on diverse shapes, as depicted on the terrestrial globe?

Cosmiel: As you are undoubtedly aware from the field of Optics, every opaque object possesses the characteristic that its visual aspect is contingent on the angle at which a glowing source illuminates it. This visual appearance can alter when viewed from various angles, as perceived by the human eye. The same principle applies here, analogous to the monthly phases of the Moon.

Theodidactus: You are absolutely correct. I recall observing identical phases of Venus through optical instruments while on Earth. But, oh, Cosmiel, what a wondrous novelty this is!

Cosmiel: What is it?

Theodidactus: Oh, how marvelous! I gaze upon the Sun resembling an expansive ocean or a cauldron of molten copper overflowing.

Cosmiel: Wait a moment, my son, and shortly you will have the opportunity to closely examine the wonders of Almighty God. Let us now delve into the distinctive characteristics of this celestial body.

He had scarcely uttered these words when I found myself suddenly transported to an island in the Venusian ocean, a place of such exquisite beauty that it defies comparison with anything in the human world. The aroma of this island often evoked memories of all the scents of moss and amber combined. Unlike those on Earth, the trees here seemed to spring forth from the very blossoms of precious stones, displaying an endless array of colors. These colors were not inherent to the objects themselves but were the result of the Sun's reflection and refraction upon the angular and transparent substance that stretched out far and wide. The ground appeared to be composed of the most radiant material, resembling a golden pathway bathed in the Sun's rays. The atmosphere was liquid, gentle, and extraordinarily mild.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, Cosmiel, what great marvels I see and experience!

Cosmiel: Shortly, you will see even greater wonders.

He had scarcely uttered a word when a chorus of the most beautiful young men suddenly emerged from a crystalline mountain. Describing the grace of their countenances in words falls short of their true splendor. Golden locks cascaded around their shoulders, and their eyes and faces radiated grace and beauty. Their garments were so exquisitely crafted that I could recall nothing more beautiful or elegant, seemingly fashioned not from gold, silk, or wool but from crystal itself. These garments refracted light, displaying a wondrous array of colors. They held cymbals and lyres, and their baskets overflowed with roses, lilies, hyacinths, and narcissi. Overwhelmed by this unprecedented spectacle, I exclaimed with these words.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, the comfort of my heart, what does this magnificent procession of the most exquisite beings signify? What is the meaning behind their extraordinary grace and beauty? And what can we deduce from the presence of these unfamiliar flowers, amber, and musk? You previously asserted that no humans could inhabit otherworldly bodies unless they remained within their earthly abode. So, how is it that we not only encounter humans but humans of such unparalleled grace, beauty, and refinement, unlike any I have ever seen? I implore you, explain to me the enigma, unveil the secret of this divine truth.

Cosmiel: I shall gladly comply with your request, my dear friend. These beings you behold, these graceful youths, are not humans; they are angels. They constitute a part of those whom divine providence has appointed to hold positions of authority over this world. In accordance with the laws ordained by the Author of Nature, they traverse this globe within the vast expanse of the ethereal realm. With unwavering dedication, they revolve around their common axis, fully committed to fulfilling their roles. They harness the influence of the globe and, through mutual interaction within the assembly of celestial bodies, they reciprocally convey essential properties to sustain all existence. Their tireless efforts ensure that the world would sooner perish than witness any lapse in their infinite operations.

Theodidactus: However, what is the reason behind their choice of such elegant and extraordinary attire?

Cosmiel: This has been orchestrated to bestow upon you the gift of comprehension by presenting, in an external and symbolic manner, the nature, attributes, and inner disposition of both the angels and the globe they govern. Rather than perceiving the globe before you as inert or lacking in its own capabilities, envision it as endowed with virtues derived from the supreme wisdom of God the Creator. These virtues empower it to accomplish what the overseeing angels illustrate to you through their corporeal form. Given your inclination for hieroglyphic and enigmatic forms of expression, you will readily grasp my point. This globe symbolizes grace and beauty, mirroring the resplendent attire worn by the presiding angels. The delightful fragrance you perceive signifies an exceptional sweetness, while the baskets brimming with exquisite flowers and fruits symbolize the globe's influence on the terrestrial world.

Theodidactus: Oh, most wise Cosmiel, I am genuinely astounded! Considering that the Earthly globe, as observed from here, appears no larger than a mere star, how is it able to bestow and convey this cosmetic or ornamental influence to earthly matters? On Earth's surface, we encounter not only a handful of beautiful individuals but also countless individuals with disabilities, unattractiveness, and imperfections. Similarly, amid the most delightful flowers and fruits, we find countless others that are prickly, unsightly, flavorless, bitter, and devoid of fragrance.

Cosmiel: Do not be perplexed, for the influence of the globe aspires to descend into the lower realms, imparting grace and beauty. It exerts its utmost efforts but necessitates a predisposed capacity in the subject matter or, as philosophers state, a preexisting disposition within the subject, to manifest its inherent power. Consequently, wherever it encounters adequately prepared matter and a receptacle (whether among animals, plants, or even mineral structures) proportionate to receiving its virtue, it inevitably imparts grace and beauty. Conversely, those matters governed by their own inherent constitution and disposition remain incapable of receiving this virtue, thus remaining devoid of grace, beauty, and fragrance. In a similar vein, the lunar sphere possesses a specific swelling power, which it impresses upon terrestrial bodies capable of receiving this virtue while leaving others untouched. Likewise, the Sun, through its distinct virtue, desiccates certain earthly substances, liquefies others, softens some, hardens others, and scatters some while consolidating others, contingent upon the nature of the subject matter. As you will come to understand later, each celestial sphere harbors unique virtues contributing to the world's preservation and the harmonious integration of all things.

Theodidactus: But let us return to our angels, whose captivating form leaves me in awe. If you would be so kind, could you clarify whether these beings are indeed pure and genuine angels, or do they possess a mixed nature?

Cosmiel: They are true spirits, entirely free from any mixed material nature. These beings are the most eternally blessed spirits, basking in the presence of the supreme and divine King. They embody the purest intelligences, perpetually in motion, unwaveringly obedient to God's commands, and ultimately, they are ministering spirits designated to serve those who will inherit salvation. The forms they assume are incidental, for no mortal can behold an angel in its natural state. Instead, they manifest themselves by adapting to human senses and phantasms, presenting their virtues in ways comprehensible to the human intellect and through symbolic resemblances to tangible things.

Theodidactus: But I inquire of you, in what manner or through what means do these aesthetic virtues of Venus descend into the lower realms?

Cosmiel: Without the inherent virtue within this globe, which imparts beauty and grace to bodies in the lower world, inspiring people to become gracious and delicate appreciators of ornament, music, and the wonders of beauty and adornment, such qualities would be absent. However, this virtue does indeed reside within the globe, albeit sometimes varying in strength in different regions. The Angels are tasked with regulating it through the globe's motion, both within its own orbit and around its axis, ensuring that the far-reaching power of the globe, once widely diffused, ultimately achieves its desired effect, preventing the Earth from remaining perpetually oriented in the same direction. By means of an ineffable power, the Angels manipulate the globe, sometimes moving it to its apogee, at other times to its perigee, and occasionally tilting it along the sides of its eccentric path. These actions result in diverse effects on the lower bodies due to the varying angles, directions, and approaches of the rays, as was previously observed with the Lunar globe. In this manner, the globe's force is finely tuned, preventing excessive strength from harming the lower realms while adhering to the laws set forth by divine wisdom. Excessive light is offset by moderation and restoration. Now, it is time for us to continue on our journey.

Theodidactus: Before we proceed, kindly permit me to present a small piece of evidence to demonstrate the beauty of this extraordinary globe to the inhabitants of Earth.

Cosmiel: I have previously explained to you, my dear son, that components can only exist within the whole they originate from, which in this case is the appropriate globe. When a part is separated from the Earth and lacks an inherent inclination to reunite with its native globe, it transforms into terrestrial matter. Consequently, your efforts are futile as they contradict the natural order established by Nature.

Theodidactus: From your words, it is evident that the substance of celestial globes possesses distinct species and essence when compared to the substance of the earthly realm.

Cosmiel: Not at all, my friend. As you've undoubtedly heard on numerous occasions, all the substances within this World originated from the vast elemental chaos and confusion at the World's inception. They have persisted there, even though, owing to their inherent positions and locations within the Universe, they have been transformed in such a way that they exhibit notable distinctions from one globe to another. These variations are influenced by the proximity of the Sun and the gravitational pull of other celestial bodies. Everything perceived in this or other globes is composed of fundamental elements. Here, the air possesses specific attributes unique to this globe, while the water bears its own distinct characteristics not shared with other globes but particular to this one. The presence of fire is evident, as indicated by the globe's radiant nature, and earth is also present, a crucial foundation that allows you to stand upon this celestial body. Each element possesses its own center, specific to its respective globe. Observe this stone I've just tossed into the air; it is now returning to its center much like a terrestrial stone would. Can you feel the weight of this stone?

Theodidactus: I feel it.

Cosmiel: Can you observe vapors ascending from the crystalline substance?

Theodidactus: I see it.

Cosmiel: Do you feel the heat?

Theodidactus: I do, and indeed, were it not for your strong hand supporting me, it would be unbearable.

Cosmiel: Just as on the terrestrial globe, the four elements here serve their purpose on this celestial body. Similar to the presence of heavy and light bodies there, such distinctions exist here as well, albeit in their own unique manner. Just as on Earth, the interplay of heat and cold is governed by the Sun, the same holds true on this celestial body, though it operates in accordance with the conditions specific to this globe. Heat is intensified on the side of this globe facing the Sun due to the reflection of the Sun's rays off opaque bodies. Conversely, when this side turns away from the Sun, heat naturally diminishes in the presence of cold. Therefore, it is not accurate, as claimed by certain Philosophers without empirical evidence, that the material on these globes differs in species and essence from earthly matter. Instead, they diverge only in terms of properties and accidents, in accordance with the nature of each individual globe. There is no fifth essence, as that would contradict the concept of a simple substance devoid of elemental qualities or a defined form, which contradicts all observed experiences. It is certain that each globe possesses its own unique faculties and is composed of mutable qualities, for without these attributes, they cannot fulfill their intended effects as directed by Nature when influencing the lower realms.

Theodidactus: Your words have persuaded my mind so completely that I find it impossible to entertain any belief contrary to what you have conveyed.

Cosmiel: Come, Theodidactus, it is time to quicken our pace toward loftier contemplations.

Having accomplished this, I was instantaneously transported through the immense expanse of the ethereal void.

CHAPTER III.

A Journey from the Globe of Venus to the Globe of Mercury.

Theodidactus: Oh, my dear Cosmiel, what marvelous spectacles I encounter in this boundless expanse of the ethereal sea! Behold, two spheres of equal size come into my view!

Cosmiel: One of these spheres is the globe of Venus, which we have left behind, while the other, toward which we are advancing, is the globe of Mercury. They may seem equal in size to you because we are currently situated nearly in the middle, positioned between the two spheres, causing them to appear more prominent due to their proximity. As you can see, we have now departed from the sphere of Venus and are approaching that of Mercury. Can you sense the momentum with which we are moving forward?

Theodidactus: I can feel it, and I'm truly amazed! Please, let's increase our speed so that we can approach and observe the renowned globe of Mercury as soon as possible.

Cosmiel: So be it.              

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, what is happening? I sense my throat being constricted by the intense motion of the ethereal currents that surround us.

Cosmiel: Have trust, my son, for under my guidance, you shall come to no harm.

The exhalation upon my face swiftly liberated me from all constriction. Behold, as this force briefly carried me away, I observed the globe of Mercury growing larger and larger until it finally unveiled itself to me, resembling an immense and circular expanse.

Theodidactus: I implore you, my dear companion, to pause for a moment so that we may behold the astonishing sight of these objects from a slightly closer vantage point.

Cosmiel: I am pleased by your commendable curiosity, and thus, we shall temporarily cease our advancement.

Theodidactus: Oh, I perceive myself to be keener in both sight and intellect than usual, as if I desire to comprehend the essence of Nature and its hidden mysteries in a single glance. I wonder, what could this be?

Cosmiel: Do not be astonished, for you are being influenced by the remarkable power emanating from the globe of Mercury, which is in close proximity. However, I will provide a more detailed explanation of this shortly.

Theodidactus: I observe that Nature has universally imbued everything with a likeness to itself, crafting all things with meticulous precision. In this Mercurial realm, I encounter towering peaks, splendid mountains, expansive seas, and vast stretches of still waters extending far and wide.

Cosmiel: You are absolutely correct; these are indeed accurate observations. Nature has intended that no celestial body (with the exception of the suns) should lack terrestrial dry and moist matter, along with the corresponding qualities of heat and cold, in accordance with the fundamental principles of Nature. These celestial globes are so vital that their absence would jeopardize their existence and the manifestation of their distinct powers, as they are influenced by the constitution of terrestrial moisture. If the entire globe were composed solely of the moist element, it would give rise to significant drawbacks for the world. The uniform force of moisture in the lower parts would lead to substantial imperfections. This is because the Sun's rays, when interacting with glassy waters, would only strike the lower regions at weak and limited angles, resulting in significant deviations. This can be observed through optical experiments. On the other hand, if the globe were comprised solely of terrestrial mass and did not permit vapors (which serve as carriers of its inherent properties, along with similar concealed attributes) to ascend, disperse, and consequently interact with other entities within the world, it would be incapable of fulfilling its intended role.

Theodidactus: Then why does the magnet exert its power so effectively, despite being a predominantly dry substance?

Cosmiel: There exists no body so solid that it is devoid of its inherent moisture, which acts as a sort of fundamental adhesive, ensuring that the constituent parts remain appropriately bound together and preventing their dissolution into dust. Within this foundational moisture resides the entire potency and effectiveness of terrestrial substance, permeating the adjacent bodies. Even bricks, subjected to the most intense heat during baking, retain a measure of moisture to sustain the cohesion of their structure. In various other substances, this moisture is present to varying degrees.

Theodidactus: I comprehend all that you've explained, Cosmiel, but could you shed light on the significance of the alternating bright and dark regions on this globe of Mercury?

Cosmiel: The shining areas you are witnessing represent the terrestrial portions of the Mercurial globe, while the darker regions signify the watery expanses. Given that Nature's provident design has caused the entire globe to rotate around its axis in approximately six hours, it's quite expected that various appearances of these regions follow in succession. Do you not recall observing such variations before, either from Earth or through an exceptionally refined telescope?

Theodidactus: I do remember, and I was genuinely astounded, particularly because I was unaware of the underlying cause behind such an extraordinary phenomenon.

Cosmiel: But now let us observe all of this up close.

With those words, I suddenly found myself within the very sphere itself.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, who can adequately depict the countless and magnificent wonders, whose number eludes measurement? You have unveiled a new realm of divine marvels before me. Here, I perceive a philosophy that contradicts the very essence of earthly bodies. While some ignorantly cling to the belief that this sphere is somehow tethered by nails upon crystalline orbits, I now grasp the profound truth that our comprehension can scarcely touch the realm of divine creations. Even as we are tethered to terrestrial clay, I am acutely aware that we can only ascend through the benevolence of divine Providence. What is the significance of this extraordinary vision? Here, I behold towering mountains seemingly hewn from solid chrysoprase; I cast my gaze upon an ocean aglow with a golden hue; and all that I behold here appears entirely distinct from the realms of Venus and the Moon.

Cosmiel: Pay close attention and embrace the current flow of wisdom with an open heart.

Having spoken these words, he produced a chrysolite vial, and I immediately experienced a peculiar and exotic flavor that invigorated all my senses. It was as though I had undergone a transformation, inundated with enlightenment that swiftly illuminated my intellect, creating the illusion that I comprehended everything.

Theodidactus: But, Cosmiel, what do these wonders entail? I beseech you, unveil the mysteries and enhance the clarity of my intellect, along with the strength of my memory.

Cosmiel: This globe, meticulously crafted by the supreme Craftsman of the Universe, possesses such exquisite artistry that, beyond its designated position and role in Nature, it holds the remarkable ability to engender wondrous effects when it imparts its unique virtue to any substance. Consequently, all the spirits, life forms, and ingenious workings of Nature that playfully manifest in minerals and plants, the remarkable adaptations observed in animals as they preserve their own nature, and the astonishing discoveries humans make in the realms of knowledge, hidden truths, and the creation of arts and sciences鈥攁ll of these phenomena can be attributed to the globe's inherent specific quality. Whenever it encounters a subject capable of receiving its virtue, it expeditiously adjusts the faculties of the human brain for discovery, orchestrates the spirit within the heart, and amplifies vital faculties. It operates not as astrologers claim, under the influence of a person's birth star, but from the very first exposure to light until the end of life, as long as the obstructing influence of another star does not intervene. What you recently experienced, when you marveled at the extraordinary illumination of understanding that enveloped you, was a more abundant influx of this globe's power influencing you.

Theodidactus: I have been aware for a considerable time that Astrologers attribute such effects to Mercury in both humans and animals. Nevertheless, my curiosity lies in the underlying mechanisms driving these effects.

Cosmiel: You should understand that the influence of this globe has been recognized since ancient times and transmitted by astrologers through an unbroken tradition to our present era. Nevertheless, this doctrine has been marred by absurdities we refrain from detailing here. In reality, this globe harbors its specific power throughout its entire structure. Some regions exhibit a greater abundance of this power, while others possess a weaker influence. Consequently, when the sections enriched with substantial power align with subjects capable of receiving their virtue, they generate remarkable effects. The scenario differs in regions of this globe imbued with weaker virtues. To avoid a perpetual repetition of the same effect, the globe, in accordance with Nature's concealed design, rotates both on its axis and in its own orbit roughly every six hours, altering its orientation with various aspects: at times direct, at times oblique, and at times inclined, with none directly facing the Earth. As a result, the radiant power is not consistently aimed in one direction. It exerts its most potent influence when portions with significant power align with specific portions of the Earth, shifting from one to another. An analogy can be drawn to a magnet, whose force remains most stable at the poles but gradually diminishes in intensity as one moves away from them.

Theodidactus: Your philosophy is sound, and I have no objections to your explanation. Kindly expound upon how this particular power can exert its influence over the expansive and distant Earth.

Cosmiel: As you are already aware from philosophy, all bodies possess well-defined and determined limits within which their powers can extend, referred to as their sphere of activity. Outside this sphere, a sympathetic body remains unaffected until it enters it. Additionally, it is crucial to understand that inscrutable divine wisdom has arranged the worldly globes in such a manner that one is always situated within the sphere of activity of another. Because each globe perpetually relies on the power of another, and they all mutually sustain themselves through the reciprocal exchange of their powers, it becomes imperative for one globe to exist within the sphere of activity of another. Otherwise, in the natural order of things, they would seem to exist in vain and never fulfill the intended boundaries set by Nature. Therefore, do not be surprised that this Mercurial globe, despite its smaller size compared to Earth and Venus, can effectively exert its influence on regions of Earth capable of receiving its virtue. Just as a magnet, when placed within its sphere of activity, can attract iron from a distance, this globe activates its powers when it assumes an appropriate position relative to Earth.

Theodidactus: I understand your explanation clearly. Now, kindly provide further elaboration on how this power can be impeded or amplified.

Cosmiel: As previously stated, this globe exerts its influence on Earth through various and diverse aspects. Depending on whether the globe aligns with the Sun, it is certain that these alignments have a more pronounced impact on the faculties they govern. This occurs when the Mercurial rays, brimming with potent virtue, either closely align with or oppose the Solar rays, directly affecting specific regions of Earth. When the Mercurial rays merge with the vital rays of the Sun, they not only contribute to individuals' spirit and vitality but also enhance their disposition for ingenuity. Conversely, when they combine with the Venusian rays, apart from bestowing physical beauty, they also impart a wealth of knowledge. A similar assessment can be made regarding the influence of other planets.

Theodidactus: Hence, it logically follows that all natural talents are ascribed to the influence of celestial bodies, particularly the Sun, while we simultaneously acknowledge that all human talents are ultimately gifts from God. How do you reconcile these concepts?

Cosmiel: Indeed, what you raise is true. However, it is crucial to make a distinction between two categories of gifts: the supernatural and the natural. Supernatural gifts are those directly bestowed upon humans through the immediate intervention of God, independent of the natural influence of celestial bodies or the disposition of material subjects. In contrast, natural gifts are influenced by the inherent disposition and temperament of the body's organs. These temperaments are shaped by the influence of celestial bodies in a way that certain effects inevitably follow in proportion to the strength of that influence. However, it's important to note that these natural gifts are not solely attributed to the heavens. While Almighty God can bestow all things upon humans through His immediate intervention, He governs and sustains Nature solely through His will, without relying on the influence of the material world. Nevertheless, governing the Natural World solely through His will would result in an idle world and the faculties of natural things manifesting without a proper purpose. Therefore, God decreed that the management of these faculties should bring about natural effects. Nature itself is nothing other than God's art, through which He administers the entire economy of Nature, providing suitable means for the preservation of each entity. Just as art exists solely in the mind of the Artist, the effects must necessarily correspond to the first exemplar, ensuring that the effect aligns perfectly with the idea of its exemplar. Aristotle recognized these mysteries of Nature when he declared the famous axiom, "Like produces like." Divine wisdom has intricately interconnected higher and lower realms and harmoniously subordinated one to the other, such that it is an infallible truth that from such a connection, in such a subject, such an effect must necessarily follow or have been foreseen from eternity.

Theodidactus: Hence, it seems that an individual, even without their consent, can find themselves susceptible to the effects, emotions, virtues, and vices arising from the influence of these celestial globes. They may feel compelled by a sort of inevitable necessity to yield to these influences.

Cosmiel: Indeed, this holds true, particularly in the case of animals lacking reason. However, for humans, who possess intellect and free will, the situation differs. Almighty God has endowed humans with the capacity to make their own choices, enabling them to either align with or deviate from the influence of the stars. These influences impact them, whether for good or ill, through the disposition of their bodily organs and constitution. The rational soul, being of a higher order, is not subject to the constraints of Nature or external compulsions, except to the extent that the body's dispositions incline it towards effects in harmony with the body's natural constitution. Therefore, even when the stars occasionally seem to compel human beings towards effects contrary to reason, the divine light imprinted on the rational soul enables discernment between good and evil. It bestows upon humans the capacity to choose between life and death. We have observed that certain Gentiles and Christian philosophers possessed remarkable natural gifts, such as intellect, wisdom, fortitude, prudence, and beauty. Nevertheless, they made choices that led them to indulge in excessive sin, deviating from their intended purpose. Others, utilizing these gifts to amass merits, achieved eternal life. I will delve further into this topic at another time. Regarding the transmission of Mercurial virtue to Earth, be aware, Theodidactus, that when solar rays strike the Mercurial substance or any other substance, it naturally activates the inherent power within it due to the intense heat generated. This power then functions by drawing moisture through rarefaction and its own circular motion. It can impart its virtue to the Earth, not successively, but instantly, advancing in synchrony with the light. Much like the Sun's light illuminating the Earth's surface, the influxive power swiftly moves and stimulates the portion it touches. Even if it mingles with the rays of other bodies possessing different forces, they do not blend; instead, each fulfills its role as prescribed by Nature. An analogous example can be found in the vital parts of the Microcosm, where each part draws what it requires for preservation and propagation from the nourishment it receives. Just as a magnet only influences what is sympathetic to it, specifically iron, this Mercurial globe exclusively affects, arranges, and prepares things in which it can fully exercise its power.

Theodidactus: Are there any other attributes within the domain of Mercury, aside from this particular quality? I have observed that the Peripatetics ascribe all the effects of lesser entities exclusively to Mercury.

Cosmiel: In addition to the specific qualities of both the first and second kinds, which are elemental in nature, this sphere also displays elemental attributes such as coldness, warmth, gravity, lightness, dryness, humidity, rarefaction, and condensation. I used the phrase "in its own way" because these properties differ from the elements and qualities of the earthly sphere, not in essence but as a consequence of their unique location and position in the World in relation to Earth. When it comes to the impact of light alone on lower bodies, it can indeed be perplexing. If light had no other effect on the World apart from illumination and warmth, we would consistently observe the same outcomes of light on lower bodies, which contradicts our empirical observations. Therefore, as I previously mentioned, the various powers of light modify objects proportionally based on the strength of their influence, almost as if they act as a conveyance into lower realms.

Theodidactus: I humbly beseech you, wise and trustworthy Master, to kindly address one more lingering doubt in my contemplative mind. Considering that the power of this sphere can only impact the human soul, I wonder why Nature and the Creator God did not place humans within this sphere. It appears reasonable that humans should be situated where this power most intensely influences the rational aspect of humanity.

Cosmiel: Your conclusion does not logically stem from your argument. While fire, at an appropriate distance, provides warmth, reduces excess moisture, dissolves phlegmatic humors, stimulates spirits, and benefits humanity, it does not imply that humans can dwell within fire. The same rationale applies to water and air. Beneficial qualities can positively impact human bodies, but this does not signify that humans can exist in those elements as they do on Earth. The air and watery essence of Mercury are unsuitable for sustaining human life, and this sphere cannot support the growth of herbs, fruits, or animals necessary for human sustenance. However, if humans were to be placed here through divine power, they would possess a nature entirely distinct from terrestrial beings, one that aligns with the natural constitution of this sphere and follows its rightful order.

As I articulated these thoughts, a remarkable spectacle unfolded before us. Descending from the highest aether, a majestic figure manifested in the field where we stood. This being radiated strength and wisdom, adorned with a radiant crown upon its head. Its countenance exuded sagacity, while its beard glistened with a golden sheen. Remarkably, it sported wings resembling the flight feathers of birds on its shoulders and feet, creating a captivating display. In its left hand, it held a seven-folded Syrinx (Pan's pipe) arranged harmoniously, and in its right hand, it bore a Caduceus, masterfully crafted. Countless tendrils adorned its entire form, delighting the eyes and soul as they swayed gently in the breeze.

Theodidactus: Cosmiel, I am truly amazed by this extraordinary apparition. Would you be so kind as to provide an explanation of the celestial symbolism conveyed through the adornments of this being? My curiosity knows no bounds.

Cosmiel: This entity is one of the intelligences presiding over this Hermetic sphere. It has chosen to manifest itself before you in a remarkable manner to convey insights about its inner nature and the concealed properties of this sphere. The radiant crown adorning its head symbolizes its supreme intelligence and its influence over those capable of receiving it within this sphere. The beard represents a masculine spirit that diligently seeks to attain the profound secrets of divine wisdom. The wings of remiges signify the agility of the mind, which can penetrate all things. The Syrinx represents the harmonious order of the world, which it continuously contemplates through its fervent intellect. The Caduceus signifies dominion over the inner workings of Nature. The profusion of tendrils signifies the remarkable virtues inherent in specific things, which Hermetic individuals diligently study and explore. These individuals become attuned to the ministry of presiding intelligences through the fortunate virtues of this sphere. With these words, it dissipated into the ether, leaving my soul immersed in a profound sense of mellifluousness.

Theodidactus: Do many such intelligences reside within this globe?

Cosmiel: Indeed, there are many of them. While you are confined to your mortal form, you may not fully grasp the varied functions and purposes they fulfill. However, once you have transcended the earthly realm, you will perceive them clearly in their supramundane form.

Theodidactus: I am still curious about the roles these intelligences fulfill within this globe.

Cosmiel: These intelligences have the responsibility of guiding the globe within its designated orbit, in strict accordance with the laws established by the Author of Nature. Their actions are driven by purposes known only to them, and the preservation of the universe depends on their guidance.

Theodidactus: What is your viewpoint regarding the belief held by some that the spheres move within their orbits due to their inherent arrangement?

Cosmiel: I would say that this notion is not entirely without merit. Divine power could indeed bestow upon a sphere the capacity for entirely distinct motions. However, a more precise understanding would assert that these intelligences set the spheres in motion through their continual contemplation of the supramundane archetype. It is the inherent nature of intelligences to direct their efforts toward specific objectives, including the preservation of the universe and the benefit of the Earth, for which all things were created. This cannot be ascribed to inanimate bodies such as the celestial spheres, given the vast and diverse array of entirely different motions they exhibit. If these spheres were solely propelled by their own arrangement, the guardianship of intelligences would be redundant, and their constant involvement would be unnecessary. Such a scenario would contradict divine providence and even the teachings of sacred scripture. Have you not encountered the passage in the book of Job that reads, "Those who carry the world are bowed down before Him"? In this context, wise commentators rightly interpret these "carriers of the world" as the angels who govern and set the celestial spheres in motion. Through divine providence, Christ, the Master of eternal wisdom, assigns each individual the protection and guidance of angels, and designates angels to cities and regions, as detailed in the book of Daniel. Angels are even assigned to every species of natural beings to shield them from hostile and adverse forces. Therefore, it would be inappropriate to deny the rulers and agents of the most significant and essential spheres in the Universe, upon which the entire order of lower things fundamentally depends. I believe my discourse on this topic may have been protracted, so let us now return to our examination of the globe in question.

Theodidactus: I have comprehended everything quite well, and I see that everything aligns seamlessly with established beliefs. However, dear Cosmiel, I have noticed an absence of night on this sphere, and instead, I discern a certain obscurity at times. Nevertheless, it would be inaccurate to describe this as night or darkness in any conventional sense.

Cosmiel: This phenomenon arises due to the close proximity of this globe to the Sun and Venus. Areas not directly illuminated by the Sun on its opposing side receive supplementary illumination from the nearby Venus, reflecting the Sun's light. This is especially noticeable when Mercury is positioned between the Sun and the Moon. However, when Venus comes between the Sun and Mercury, a degree of obscurity does prevail on the opposite side of this sphere. Nonetheless, this obscurity is considerably alleviated by the reflected light from the nearby Moon, ensuring that the night on this sphere never descends into the profound darkness of terrestrial twilight. I can place you in a position to verify the accuracy of these statements.

Suddenly, I found myself transported to the opposite side of the Mercurial sphere.

Cosmiel: Now, direct your gaze upward and observe the motion of the celestial vault.

Theodidactus: Oh, the multitude of unknown wonders unfolding before my eyes! The transformation of the sky is beyond belief. What is the significance of that reddish mountain? Who are those new planets, the most captivating and splendid revolving spheres? What is the astonishing spectacle of that leaden orb? And what can be said of the appearances of the countless fixed stars?

Cosmiel: The reddish mountain is the sphere of Mars, the majestic globe accompanied by its retinue is Jupiter with its celestial court, and the leaden wheel signifies Saturn. As you ascend higher from Earth, you gain visibility of numerous stars in the firmament that were previously concealed from the terrestrial world.

Theodidactus: Oh, the intense longing I feel to witness such marvels!

Cosmiel: Be patient for just a moment, and I will reveal the grandeur of all these divine creations.

Theodidactus: Oh Cosmiel, could you enlighten me about the significance of the vast expanse of surging sea emerging from the horizon of the Mercurial globe?

Cosmiel: That, in fact, is the solar globe itself.

Theodidactus: What an exceptional celestial body, and what an astonishing creation of the Almighty! I implore you, let us depart immediately to closely behold these extraordinary wonders.

Cosmiel: As you wish, let it be so.

With these words, carried away to the celestial realms, I shall provide a detailed account of all that I witnessed in the forthcoming narrative.

 

CHAPTER IV.

A Journey from the planet Mercury to the Sun, and the remarkable orbit of the Sun.

 

Cosmiel: Come, Theodidactus, let us prepare ourselves for an uncharted journey filled with formidable perils, a path never before trodden by human footsteps. It is time for you to witness firsthand the magnitude of divine wonders, just as I promised. You will be introduced to and bear witness to the hidden treasures of divine wisdom, which remain unseen and beyond your comprehension. Store these experiences deep within your heart and share with the world the marvelous sights you are about to behold. As you recognize the unfathomable depth and vastness of divine wisdom, may only He be glorified, the One who is 'wonderful in His works, praiseworthy, and glorious forever.'

Theodidactus: O Cosmiel, minister of Almighty God, I beseech your aid.

Cosmiel: What is troubling you, Theodidactus?

Theodidactus: I am nearly overwhelmed by an unbearable fervor, and the excessive brilliance of the light threatens to blind me. If you do not come to my assistance, I fear I shall be undone.

Cosmiel: Fear not, my son, these formidable forces shall not harm you, nor shall the light blind you. These sensations are meant to immerse you in the incomprehensible magnitude and efficacy of the latent power you are about to witness.

As a result, I pulled forth from some part of my body a ready vessel filled with celestial dew upon my head, which, drawn into the substance of my entire body, fortified me with such fragrance, such refreshment, and such strength that, freed and immune from every burning heat and every violence of glare, I emerged.

Theodidactus: O supreme arbiter of celestial things, how many unknown wonders of the world do I see! What a marvelous aspect of things! What a transformation of things!

Cosmiel: What do you see?

Theodidactus: I behold a realm aglow with flames, an abundance of radiant orbs emitting brilliance. What are these colossal clouds, following one another across this expansive canvas? What serves as the wellspring of this intense and boundless luminosity? And what characterizes the darkness interwoven with the light? Can it be fathomed that the Sun undergoes such myriad and multifaceted transformations, which we mortals perceive as resplendent and immensely brilliant? O, my eternal light, illuminate my vision, that I may fathom the truth of this magnificent spectacle! Through the potency of your word, enlighten my soul, for you, the ruler of all things, emanate from within me, so that, having apprehended your magnificence through your wondrous creations, I may extol and exalt you, the One who orchestrates all in all! My soul is overwhelmed by the unfathomable grandeur of these wonders.

Cosmiel: Let us continue, my son. Greater wonders await us as we proceed.

Theodidactus: But, Cosmiel, my soul quivers with apprehension, for I am uncertain about my course of action. Is it possible for me to submerge myself in this vast sea of flames and passion without encountering harm or peril? How can a mortal endure such profound and vibrant luminance and hues with unyielding concentration?

Cosmiel: Maintain your faith, my son, for I have endowed you with the celestial dew's remedy. There is no need to dread the fervent heat of the fiery waves or the potency of the light.

In an instant, I found myself within the coveted realm of the Sun. However, the sight that greeted my eyes was nothing short of marvelous, utterly extraordinary, surpassing any human measure! I would endeavor to delineate it, indeed, I would attempt to elucidate every facet if words proved sufficient. Nevertheless, these phenomena exceed human grasp and imagination, eluding any capacity for depiction. No earthly analogy can genuinely and precisely capture their magnificence. "Undoubtedly an exceptional vessel, unquestionably a masterpiece of the sublime."

Cosmiel: Why, even before you've glimpsed its nethermost regions, do you find yourself filled with wonder upon your initial entry into this sphere? Have you observed this vessel crafted from asbestos, meticulously designed for your comfort?

Theodidactus: I do, but do you hold the belief that a vessel so fragile and delicate can endure the staggering heat of this seething ocean?

Cosmiel: Take courage and embark, for this skiff is hewn from Solar rock and shaped by my own hands into this very form. Crafted from incombustible material, there is no reason to fear its flame. Be of good cheer, for I shall serve as your sailor and mentor; under my tutelage, you shall remain unharmed amidst the inferno's wrath. With asbestine oars, we rowed swiftly, navigating through the fiery sea.

Theodidactus: Oh, my God, my eternal God, who possesses a tongue so eloquent, who wields such immense powers of expression to convey the vastness of your unfathomable creations? I am consumed by wonder and rapture, unable to grasp these bewildering forms, these unparalleled wonders that exceed the capacity of human understanding.

The fiery liquid agitated the entire ocean, displaying remarkable distinctions from elemental fire. Firstly, its brilliance was so profound that I doubted the human eye could withstand it without divine fortification. Secondly, it assumed a liquid form, an unprecedented sight in earthly phenomena. Have you ever beheld the radiance and tumult of air or iron within the grandest of furnaces, or witnessed the intensity of lightning? Such observations may offer a semblance of the luminosity found in this fiery sea. Thirdly, this fire did not emit the smoky flames characteristic of ordinary fires but generated exceptionally radiant vapors that, when condensed in the solar atmosphere, obscured the entire sky for those who beheld it. The ocean itself, propelled by the concealed vigor of its exuberant nature, occasionally engendered horrifying whirlpools with such swiftness that I believe no earthly being could witness them without a sense of dread and astonishment. Now, driven by the latent power of its ebullition, the ocean would elevate its fiery waves to such towering heights that the human mind could scarcely conceive anything more worthy of admiration.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, the illuminator of my soul, I inquire, who can conceive within their mind or articulate in words the vastness and colossal magnitude of this sphere?

Cosmiel: It is entirely reasonable that the words you referenced from Ecclesiasticus depict it as "an admirable vessel, the work of the Almighty." Contemplate this globe as being traversable by a human stride, but be aware that its enormity is such that if you were to journey for ten hours each day, it would necessitate nineteen years to complete a circumnavigation of its circumference. Hence, the ratio of this globe to Earth's sphere stands at 1000 to 1.

Theodidactus: Undoubtedly, an admirable vessel, unquestionably the handiwork of the Almighty, created solely by the divine hand of God. I now perceive that no other description could have been more apt than an "admirable vessel," in which the ardor and effervescence of flowing nature have been so masterfully governed by divine authority that it remains within the limits set by God. However, O Cosmiel, what is this? It appears we are entering a fog.

Cosmiel: These are the emanations rising from the Solar Ocean. When, in your customary curiosity, you observed the Sun through a telescope, you identified them as spots. I shall furnish you with an elaborate elucidation of their essence shortly. Initially, allow me to reveal to you the splendors and marvels of this sphere, enabling you to acquire a more profound comprehension of each facet.

Theodidactus: I concur wholeheartedly with your guidance and willingly yield to it. However, I must inquire, Cosmiel, what is that remarkable and luminous protrusion ascending from the depths of the ignited Ocean?

Cosmiel: That, my friend, is a solid component of this solar sphere. Comparable solid sections float within this fervent Solar Ocean, appearing almost buoyant as they rest upon the terrestrial and lunar oceans.

Theodidactus: Let us, then, closely examine this mysterious wonder of Nature.

I had barely spoken these words when I found myself within the solid realm of the Sun. Who can find adequate words to describe such an unfamiliar facet of Nature? Here, I gazed upon mountains and plains unlike any seen on other celestial bodies. I was overwhelmed with astonishment as I walked upon pure solar gold, which radiated with a brilliance surpassing any earthly comparison. Countless golden peaks and an Ocean of molten radiance stretched before me. Here, there was no soil covered in dust, no rocks and mountains adorned with trees, herbs, and grasses. Instead, the rocky masses shone so brilliantly that they resembled the most resplendent and gleaming gold, eclipsing the terrestrial appearance of the Sun and the Earth's core. Yet, words prove inadequate to convey such an extraordinary spectacle. I can merely assert this: if even a single fragment of this substance were transported to Earth by divine power, it would transform night into day with its inherent luminance. In comparison, all earthly bodies radiating light would pale, and even a single particle of it would surpass the entire wealth of the Earthly World.

Theodidactus: But, oh my Cosmiel, you introduce me to such unfamiliar spectacles. Are all the solid parts of this globe of the same nature?

Cosmiel: Indeed, they are. You have gleaned through philosophy that the substance of these parts resembles that of the entire globe. However, both the liquid and solid components of this sphere share analogous qualities and attributes, except for a few exceptions hidden within the solar body, which I shall clarify to you later.

Theodidactus: I beseech you, if I have found favor in your sight, grant me additional enlightenment concerning the mysteries of this nature.

Cosmiel: Listen attentively and etch this knowledge deep within your understanding. The vast Solar body, the largest among celestial bodies, was originally fashioned by divine wisdom, utilizing a combination of liquid and solid elements. Just as it is ordained for other earthly bodies to possess their designated centers, this celestial entity also requires its own center to exist and assert any claim of ownership. Without its rightful center, this fervent, fiery Ocean would seek an alternative destination, driven by its intrinsic fiery nature. However, one may wonder, where could such a destination possibly exist? Could it, perchance, pour its wondrous contents into the enclosed orbs of the Sun? Such a notion, however, is vehemently incongruous, as it would ultimately disrupt the entire cosmic order. The natural state of the fiery ocean would become untenable, compelling it to seek a new center. Yet, what could this new center be? Where else could this admirable vessel discharge its liquid, apart from the enclosed orbs of the Sun? Despite the vehement incongruity of such a notion, it would ultimately dismantle the entire cosmic order, for there is no attraction to any other celestial body except its own, which it seeks as its center and possesses. Indeed, it must be a formidable challenge for fiery nature, compelled by these natural laws, to gather all its parts and units into a harmonious whole. Can you perceive how the rivers of fire churn and are cast into the air, resembling rising molten torrents? Can you witness this object being instantly propelled upwards, akin to a stone homing in on its designated center? There are few who can truly fathom this admirable mystery of Nature. Now, let us delve into the structure of the Solar sphere, which you can readily observe is comprised of both liquid and solid elements. This arrangement exists due to the liquid element of fire, a revelation perhaps overlooked by philosophers thus far, and mistakenly attributed by the Peripatetics without justification to a location beneath the Moon's sphere, but is, in truth, divinely positioned in this part of the world. It functions as an abundant source of heat for the subsolar realm, radiating warmth like a copious spring. Indeed, all the heat within the subsolar world inevitably originates from this abundant source. The true fiery liquid enveloping the solar sphere is so fluid and volatile that one could scarcely believe the entire globe to be solely composed of this substance. It possesses its own structure and defined boundaries that the liquid cannot transgress. Consider, if you will, a sharpening wheel for knives. If you were to agitate water vigorously around that wheel, the water would not conform to the wheel's motion but would instead be lifted upwards, its force directed into the air. Analogous to this illustration, contemplate the Sun. Were it constituted solely of this fluid, its rapid movement during its daily rotation from east to west around the terrestrial globe would necessitate constant alterations in shape and appearance. In fact, due to its swift motion, the liquid sphere would frequently assume forms such as an egg or a rhomboid, among others, all visible to the naked eye. However, as you have undoubtedly observed firsthand, such phenomena do not occur. To prevent this inconvenience and disorder during natural events, Nature, the providential orchestrator of all things, has encased this fiery liquid within the confines of solid components, much like a bounteous spring contained within a wondrous vessel. In doing so, it has subdued the excessiveness of its fervor, preventing it from exceeding its boundaries. Consequently, both the Northern and Southern regions, for the most part, as well as the depth of the solar body, are fortified with solid parts that resemble a proportional framework. These components serve as a containment vessel for the liquid, preventing it from exceeding its limits. Did you not marvel at the colossal vortexes within this fiery ocean a short while ago? You witnessed the abrupt collisions of waves converging from opposing directions, creating surges reminiscent of towering mountains. This results from the rapid whirls of liquid matter, stirred by the force of impact, and the rebounding effect when they collide with islands or continents.

Theodidactus: Oh, how your concise and well-reasoned explanation calms my soul! Yet, I beseech you, Cosmiel, which liquid substance is so stirred by its diverse movements? What do these fiery cliffs and rocks represent, and what is their purpose with their formidable energy? It appears that a profound mystery of Nature is manifesting through them.

Cosmiel: I shall clarify your inquiries as you wish. Imagine if the entire solar globe were either entirely liquid or composed of a substance resembling coal or a carbuncle. In either case, it would be unable to fulfill its intended purpose in Nature. If the solar sphere were entirely liquid, with all its parts congregated around its center, this would result in a significant loss to Nature due to the inherent instability of its fluid nature. Furthermore, it would disrupt the balance of the natural order, rendering it incapable of harnessing its inherent powers properly or distributing them appropriately among the surrounding globes. The entire aqueous fiery sphere would emit a uniform influence continuously, given its homogeneity. This would diminish the effectiveness of the Solar body in serving its purpose, especially considering its monthly rotation around its axis, as Nature has designated a distinct axis for the Sun's rotation, imparting diverse powers and properties to other parts of the globe. Thus, the solar body, as a whole, would serve its purpose less effectively. On the other hand, if the entire globe were composed of a solid framework, the innermost central core would be unable to exert its inherent properties due to the confinement of the parts, forever buried within its viscera.

Theodidactus: Cosmiel, your eloquent and insightful explanation is deeply appreciated. However, I am curious about those vast and immense openings of fiery mountains that I see scattered everywhere, emitting gigantic globes of liquefied material resembling air. What are those colossal craters from which the brightest flames gush forth like furnaces?

Cosmiel: You've posed a fascinating question, Theodidactus, one that I shall now unravel for you as it sheds light on the cause of all the marvelous Solar effects. It's important to note that the structural composition of this globe is not entirely solid, resembling a lump of clay without any cracks or cavities. Instead, it features numerous caves, expansive caverns, and countless sub-solar regions, all interconnected by vast winding passages and canals. Through these conduits, the inherent virtues of the globe are channeled towards the Sun's outer surface, diffusing in all directions towards the worldly spheres. A similar principle applies to the Solar Body, much like the perpetual tides in Earth's Oceans that encompass the entire surface of our planet and eventually discharge themselves as springs, rivers, and lakes through hidden channels within the Earth. Its ceaseless tides continually agitate the Solar Ocean, generating new and diverse waves, sowing seeds of power and properties for the benefit of the World. It is a misconception to believe that the power flowing into the lower regions is always the same. Some Philosophers who assert that only the light and heat of the Sun are responsible for all effects may oversimplify the matter and fail to fully appreciate the supreme nature and inexhaustible wealth of the Sun's treasures. In truth, celestial bodies possess not only the power of light and heat but also an array of other qualities and properties that should be of interest to philosophers. You can be certain that the entire mass of the solar globe is endowed not with just one capability but with a universal power of sorts. This concealed power, residing within the hidden depths of the Solar World, imbues the various parts of the solar globe differently. The fiery fluid, displaying a multitude of colors, undergoes diverse and multiplicative diffusion through the radiant force, reaching the lower regions and generating various effects in accordance with the nature of the underlying substance. Hence, it should come as no surprise when you observe different effects produced in various parts of the world. This diversity arises from the unique properties of the solar regions, each imbued with varying virtues, and their interactions with the nature of the subjects they touch. Therefore, the Sun possesses different properties according to its nature, resulting in different effects in different climates. The Sun, acting as an active principle, and the Earth, as a passive one, contribute their respective virtues to facilitate the generation of countless phenomena. This remarkable design of Nature ensures that the Sun is in perpetual motion, driven by its daily and yearly movements, as well as a 30-day cycle around its own center and axis. This constant motion enables the distribution of various streams of virtues to the surrounding globes, ensuring that no faculties in the central portions remain dormant. By divine wisdom's arrangement, the solar globe is structured with hidden openings and channels that continually agitate the fiery ocean, allowing it to penetrate and absorb into these Nature-assigned channels. Subsequently, it is pushed out and extruded to the outer surface, carrying with it the inner treasures of virtues. This divine design ensures that the solar globe, through its hidden pathways, perpetually brings forth new generations into existence as it circulates.

Theodidactus: Now, I realize that my long-held intuition has been confirmed through my firsthand experience. While I gazed at the Sun through protective lenses, I discerned it pulsating with immense activity. It frequently brought to mind the lines from Virgil:

"We saw Etna surging with flames,

And spewing forth molten rocks."

But, my dear Cosmiel, I am perplexed by the existence of that panspermatic faculty within the sphere of the Sun.

Cosmiel:

You should not consider panspermia in the sense that it actually contains the seeds of terrestrial things within itself in actuality and reality; rather, it encompasses all through eminent virtue. To illustrate, consider a common experiment: when various metals with different properties are melted in a crucible, they form a single liquid, despite their inherent differences, as evidenced by the varying colors they exhibit when in a liquid state. Due to the diverse nature of these metals, the resultant vapor can display both beneficial and harmful qualities. The Peripatetics believed that all parts are of the same faculty or homogeneous nature are found in the Solar globe, imbued with various virtues, as divine wisdom has arranged through art into their respective boundaries, wholly. As you now understand, the Solar Body possesses incredible depth, with its semidiameter extending to the center and spanning about ten thousand hours of light. The inner structure of the entire system must be infused with various qualities, an achievement rendered impossible without a continuous pericyclosis or circulation of the undulating celestial fluid through the innermost regions of the Sun. This celestial fluid assimilates the inherent qualities of the concealed parts it encounters and transports those virtues to the outer surface, where, through the ingrained radiant properties, it continually disseminates them for the utmost benefit of the subsolar economy. This truth will become even more apparent when I provide a more detailed explanation later. For what other purpose does Nature intend when orchestrating the motion of the Sun, as well as that of many other celestial bodies rotating around their own axes, if not to alternate between exposing different parts of the solar surface? This, in turn, imbues various qualities into the terrestrial spheres, primarily the Earth. Without this rationale, the rotation of the Sun around its own axis would be futile. This rotation serves to temper the Solar Ocean, which is relaxed by the swiftness of its daily motion. Continuous motion around the axis regulates it. As a result, the tremendous weight of the Solar Ocean, striving to surge in opposing waves, is coerced through the subsolar tunnels. From there, the latent fluid, already endowed with its inherent qualities, is expelled through opposite channels, adhering to the highest laws of alternation amid such elemental capriciousness and stability. Therefore, it is a supreme design of Nature that the globe is continuously agitated with a certain degree of motion. This not only intensifies the heat and fervor of the Sun but also awakens the powers, panspermia, and seminal virtues, which are transmitted to the lower world, ultimately giving rise to the boundless diversity we admire in the terrestrial realm. Suppose we delve deeper into things, adhering to the impeccable laws of comparison. In that case, we discover that the same principle applies to the terrestrial globe and every other celestial globe, each in its unique manner. For example, why is the terrestrial ocean agitated by tumultuous water motion if not to sustain the Earth in perpetual energy and nurture Nature through the shared virtue of the subterranean regions? The terrestrial parts, endowed with vastly different qualities, reciprocally impart their virtues to the aqueous element. Consequently, the ocean, drawn through subterranean passageways and channels, reemerges as springs, rivers, and lakes. It surfaces, infused with diverse colors, flavors, and odors corresponding to the nature of the terrestrial regions it traverses, and ultimately returns to its source. This parallels what transpires in the Sun. It is indeed desirable for philosophers to direct their thoughts towards various conjectures, speculations, experiments, and comparisons. Analogical reasoning is a remarkable shortcut, akin to Ariadne's thread, through which Philosophers can venture into the hidden realms of Nature with minimal risk. Through this method, we ultimately learn that the constitution of things in the terrestrial globe, in the Microcosm of Man, in the political, meteorological, medical, ethical realms, and every other system of celestial globes, when considered in their unique manner and condition, aligns with what is most suitable for their respective natures. So, what is found in the terrestrial globe, in terrestrial conditions, must be contemplated in the Sun in solar conditions, in the Moon in lunar conditions, in Venus in Venusian conditions, Mercury in Mercurial conditions, and so forth, up to the ultimate body of the World. Above all, these conditions should be perceived as congruent with such natures.

Theodidactus: Oh, what profound and concealed insights I derive from your divine discourse. I now understand that the epiphonema of the divine Dionysius holds true, not only for the individual systems of the sensible world but also for the insensible and even the intelligible structure of the world. It is through resemblance and analogy to a supreme archetype that the most perfect proportion and harmony of all things, from the highest to the lowest beings, is discovered. To the extent that, as Saint Paul attests, invisible things are comprehended through things that are seen. If there is a continuous similarity and analogy among the invisible realities, we should consider it to exist even more among the corporeal substances of the world's globes. But I beseech you, my dear Cosmiel, is that fiery globe genuinely and fundamentally fire?

Cosmiel: Indeed, it is the truest and most authentic fire, the most luminous and fervent of all. There is no other element of fire in Nature apart from what you behold in this fiery globe. In fact, this celestial body imparts warmth, sustenance, and heat to the entire subsolar world through its own fiery essence. Furthermore, terrestrial fire, which can be nothing other than ignited vapor, owes its existence to this celestial fire, as it is both formed and preserved in its essence.

Theodidactus: But we desire to understand why Nature has established this clear fire, rather than one rising up in pyramids of flames on all sides? And why are these fiery mountains of a different nature from the liquid?

Cosmiel: My dear son, you should be aware that this globe, like all others, comprises two elements: firstly, a solid substance that adequately corresponds to the terrestrial element, and secondly, a liquid substance resembling water, albeit not true water but a highly potent and luminous element of fire. This liquid, due to its continuous boiling and stirring circulations, contains much more intense heat and fervor than if it were solely composed of flame. You can observe a similar phenomenon in furnaces filled with heated air boiling vigorously. Therefore, Nature has devised a superior plan by making it liquid rather than flame. This liquid, through its perpetual agitation鈥攎uch like the fires of blacksmiths fanned by strong bellows鈥攇ains such augmentation that it effectively serves to warm the subsolar orbs with its abundant heat. Furthermore, this liquid substance emits a much more intense light compared to fiery substances. Have you ever witnessed how the nearly unbearable brightness of molten air affects the eyes of those who gaze upon it?

Theodidactus: I have indeed observed it and can attest that a more intense light cannot be found in the lower World.

Cosmiel: Your observation is entirely correct. Since Nature has designed this globe to bathe the terrestrial orb with heat and light, it could not have done so more effectively than by employing a liquid substance of fervent fire, confined within a vessel and perpetually circulating within it. Indeed, it could not have been achieved by any means if it were fiery. Regarding the solid material, I have previously elucidated that it relates to the liquid in a manner akin to how terrestrial substances relate to aqueous substances. The stony material of the Sun, although not inherently fiery by nature, absorbs an immense amount of heat from that fervent ocean of fire. Therefore, just as a lit piece of charcoal or molten iron relates to a fiery flame on Earth, the denser parts of the Solar globe correspond to the fiery liquid it contains. I should also mention those crags and mountains that leave you awestruck, shining with extraordinary brilliance surpassing that of any carbuncles, pyropes, chrysolites, or other precious stones. They possess an intensely bright light inherently, to the extent that no mortal can endure the intensity of their heat or the excessive brightness of their radiance without divine protection, such as the shield you possess. Indeed, I would demonstrate the truth of this matter through an experiment on your own body if I did not remember your fragile nature and the promise I made not to expose you to any risk to your life.

Theodidactus: I must inquire, my dear Cosmiel, why does this solid matter not succumb to the intense heat?

Cosmiel: Do not be perplexed, my son, by the enduring nature of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius, which burn incessantly for many years. Just as Nature, guided by the unyielding laws of affinity, has bound these elements together, it has bestowed upon denser matter a unique quality that shields it from combustion. This substance is known as "asbestos," a term derived from the Greek word "asbestos," meaning incombustible. It is much like the asbestos material generously provided by the Earth. Indeed, everything I have expounded upon is true and finds resonance in the sacred text of Ecclesiasticus, Chapter 43, which imparts wisdom through these words: "A marvelous vessel of the Almighty sets the south wind on fire; and as he pours it out over the earth, and in his sight the furnace burns; great is he who keeps it. He who orders all things in measure and number and weight." Truly, no words could be more expressive, fitting, and congruent to convey the nature of the Sun, as I described it a little while ago.

Theodidactus: You need not persuade me, Cosmiel, for the truth of the matter is not limited to sight alone but can also be affirmed through touch. Additionally, I observe the Hebrew names ascribed to the Sun, bestowed by divine instinct since the dawn of humanity in paradise. What does "Shemesh," which means the Sun, signify if not the presence of fire? What does "Hamma" denote if not heat? And what can "Cheresch" symbolize other than intense burning? Furthermore, the Holy Mother Church, entrusted with the sacred duty of interpreting the Scriptures as the Mistress of Truth and the infallible authority, openly confirms this in her hymn: "On the fourth day, He established the fiery wheel of the Sun," and in another hymn: "The fiery Sun departs." In fact, I could compile an extensive list of Saints who held this belief, but Rosa Urina has already provided copious evidence. Given these facts, who in the future could doubt the truth? Nevertheless, a significant question still lingers; I implore you once again to provide its resolution, which pertains to the Peripatetics' viewpoint on heat being eminent solely in the Sun.

Cosmiel: I am aware that many philosophers, both in the past and in contemporary times, ardently uphold this perspective. However, their position should not be afforded undue weight, as it relies exclusively on metaphysical abstractions, lacking any empirical support or endorsement from celestial doctrine. Indeed, comprehending how the Sun could be deemed the exclusive source of eminent heat, as is often discussed in academic circles, is no trivial matter. One cannot give what one does not inherently possess, and eminence does not confer genuine or proper heat. Moreover, this viewpoint fails to account for any combustion effects within the world's natural order. For how can formal heat be generated in the lower realms by something that lacks formal heat itself, namely the Sun? Such a notion is difficult to conceive.

Theodidactus: It is true that I was taught during my early schooling that substances like wine and pepper, possessing a high degree of warmth, generate formal heat in the stomach. Therefore, I cannot completely disregard the perspective of the Peripatetics as entirely unfounded or groundless.

Cosmiel: My dear son, you appear to be diverging significantly from the core issue. Allow us to engage in a hypothetical scenario for a moment: envisage, if you will, that a sphere made of pepper symbolizes the Sun. In this scenario, I pose the following question: what effect would this pepper sphere have? Would it warm the Earth through the eminence of its heat? The truth is, it would warm no more than a sphere of pepper held in one's hand. Even if it were almost devoid of warmth, it would still warm you no more than a crystal or any other type of stone when placed in your hand, whether for a day, a month, or a year.

Theodidactus: Indeed, if externally applied to the body, but it is well known that a peppery sphere, when ingested into the stomach, would promptly generate intense heat.

Cosmiel: Ah, I see how you diverge from the path of true Philosophy. Are the Earth and the other celestial globes akin to stomachs into which the solar rays, possessing a peppery kind of eminent heat, ignite formal heat within these globes? What a captivating perspective on philosophy! I must ask, who can conceive that rays residing within a grain of pepper have the ability to engender formal heat in distinct bodies apart from themselves? Such an assertion is akin to finding an icy globe as suitable as a peppercorn for this purpose.

Theodidactus: Pardon my ignorance, Cosmiel. I beseech you not to be vexed by my unlearned expressions. I yield all matters to your wisdom as the supreme authority on Nature. I wholeheartedly submit to your teachings and do not deviate an inch from the guidance of your profound wisdom. Who would not believe in you, the possessor of all the secrets of Nature? I only request one thing: that you elucidate how the eminence of heat in a peppery sphere produces warmth in the stomach.

Cosmiel: I shall fulfill your request. It's crucial to understand that latent heat resides in certain bodies outside specific vessels, lying dormant and devoid of inherent heat-generating capabilities until stimulated externally. When pepper enters the stomach, it does not generate warmth due to any inherent virtual heat it contains. Instead, it stirs and activates the mingling vital spirits within the human body. The warmth we feel results as a necessary consequence of the vigorous motion of these spirits. Let me provide an analogy: you are undoubtedly aware that when steel and flint are rubbed together, they can produce fire. However, asserting that either steel or flint is intrinsically hot because they ignite fire would be a misconception. When these substances are subjected to friction, they generate a spark of fiery air, leading to ignition. Experience has demonstrated this with flint and even in the case of the coldest ice. Therefore, given that the Sun serves as the source of the most intense light, and everything illuminated by its rays promptly experiences formal heat, it is undeniable that this fount of light is a much more potent and intense source of heat. You can visibly observe that everything is concentrated and collected within this radiant light. Suppose a weaker, diffused light emitted by the solar globe can ignite, heat, and induce formal heat in remote objects. Why should we not believe that the luminous energy within this fiery element itself possesses a similar capacity, where everything is densely packed, resembling a treasury filled with both heat and light? Light cannot exist where there is no heat. Augustine recognized this, the eminent luminary of the Church, when he proclaimed, "Sun, brightness, and warmth, these are three words, and three in one; what shines, warms, what warms, shines; by these three words, one thing is recognized." He was clearly referring not to the eminent heat of the Sun but to its formal heat. Therefore, light is essentially a type of fiery emanation emanating from the very body of the Sun into the objects it illuminates. It shares identical properties with its source, as demonstrated by experiments and daily observations. By concentrating the Sun's rays through a magnifying glass, you can ignite wood, melt lead, and produce other astonishing visual effects. Attributing such phenomena to virtual heat would be genuinely simplistic, not to mention erroneous. However, I have delved into these details at length, not because I doubt your grasp of the truth. As you can see with your own eyes, you are confronted with an immense expanse of air that boils incessantly and blazes with the most intense light and fire.

Theodidactus: I apprehend that this globe is comprised of overwhelming heat, almost overpowering, and the most dazzling light, nearly blinding. It is undeniably evident, and I have never doubted my own experiences. Nonetheless, I believed it necessary to present certain objections from philosophers so that I may be better informed through your erudition, learning how to address them. In these matters, I am your humble pupil, my divine Master.

Cosmiel: But let us now delve into loftier matters. I shall introduce you to the innermost sanctums of divine marvels. Through a gradual journey, we shall ultimately uncover the center of all Nature.

PART II.

Spots, specks, shadows, and other remarkable phenomena in the Sun.

Cosmiel: Very well, Theodidactus. Let us finally delve into this earthly sphere's highest and most unprecedented wonders.

With that, we entered the small asbestine vessel we had left behind, which carried us amidst the solid mass of the solar sphere. We traversed vast and countless eruptive chasms, sailing through previously uncharted estuaries untouched by human footprints. We beheld sights that mortal eyes had not seen since the earliest days of the world.

Theodidactus: But, Cosmiel, I earnestly beseech you, relying on God's boundless compassion, please do not abandon me. I implore you, invoking the name of Almighty God, to protect me, as an overwhelming terror engulfs me and weakens both my spirit and body.

Cosmiel: Take heart, Theodidactus. Fear not amidst the wonders you behold, for I stand beside you. My mission is to protect you from all dangers and to convey the indescribable grandeur of divine creations, enabling you to perceive the vast wisdom of the Creator, cherish what you discern, adore what you cherish, and ultimately discover eternal delight within it.

Theodidactus: Oh Cosmiel, considering the Creator's magnificent and awe-inspiring works, I can only wonder about His true nature. With a mere word, He brought everything into existence from nothingness. In the vastness of His divine presence, everything pales to insignificance. Allow my soul to depart in the way of the righteous, so that I may behold the One who fashioned all things and sustains them through His word.

Cosmiel: The moment you seek has not yet arrived, Theodidactus. Be patient a while longer, for you have only caught a glimpse of but a fraction of the divine creations.

Theodidactus: I fully submit to the One to whom I am minuscule, and His will shall prevail. However, Cosmiel, what significance lies within that colossal fiery storm? What meaning resides in the tempestuous whirlwind of fire? What does the seemingly endless rising vapor symbolize? What do the flames in this vast ocean and the tumultuous clashes of fiery eruptions represent? I witness flames brighter and more resplendent than anything fathomable in the Natural World, yet simultaneously, there appears to be a dense, substantial mist akin to fog, casting profound darkness. Who could ever believe, or who could convince Earth's inhabitants, that within the World's distinct and vibrant eye, a profound alliance exists between light and darkness, brightness and obscurity? Who among the pure-hearted denizens of the terrestrial realm would conceive that light emanates from darkness, and darkness emerges from light within this most pristine sphere of the World? Who will believe the narrator when he informs them that the smallest entity can swiftly become the largest, and the greatest diminishment can promptly follow? Oh, if only the Philosophers could witness the wondrous vicissitudes of rarefaction and condensation, the perpetual alteration coupled with the utmost stability, the profound opacity alongside the highest ambient transparency, and the unceasing succession of changes without apparent excess or diminishment, all while observing the same Sun. They would undoubtedly formulate their celestial doctrines differently. I solemnly assert that no object in the Universe, subjected to as many alterations and vicissitudes as this present sphere, has ever shattered. I discern all these wonders distinctly and intuitively, yet the reason behind such prodigious manifestations eludes me. My mind struggles to fathom the origin of this vehement outpouring of fervor. Therefore, O Cosmiel, I implore you, as the interpreter of a more profound and concealed nature, to illuminate my feeble understanding, to bestow upon me divine enlightenment, so that I may grasp the true causes behind these extraordinary effects of Nature.

Cosmiel: My beloved son, my profound love for you fills my heart, and it is my duty to fulfill your wishes. Therefore, pay close attention to what I am about to reveal regarding the mysteries of this Sun. Just as in the observable Universe and the material world, God has bestowed nothing greater upon mortal beings and the entire elemental system than the Sun. Through its influence, all things are created and sustained. It appears that God has placed a concentrated essence of His wisdom and power within it. Therefore, it is aptly said, "He has set His tabernacle in the Sun." Even when apparent contradictions arise, as you previously mentioned, the wisest Creator has intricately intertwined within this globe a remarkable power beyond human comprehension. Consequently, the Sun is the primal fire of material entities, the genuine fire in this sensory realm of elements, as I mentioned earlier, the reflection of the Empyrean world, and the most intense source of both light and heat. It surpasses all other fires in intensity and brilliance. The true rays it emits are fertile, straight, sharp, penetrating, and scorching, as if they were emanating from the dense core of the Sun itself. In contrast, light is akin to a third element, and flame ignites in the most delicate substance, almost as if it were gently kindled. Although terrestrial fires may seem to distinguish light from heat, in this purest sphere of the Sun, all these elements - light, radiance, fire, and heat - are one and the same. Such is the nature of the Sun. Its rays are immediately dispersed from it, and light radiates forth from them. Through various instruments of their powers, it imparts its influence to all bodies in the lower world. As Saint Dionysius has stated, the Sun is an image of the highest good and the embodiment of goodness to the extent possible in a physical form. It serves as a conduit of that goodness into physical bodies. Just as the fundamental seeds of all things are conveyed from the highest good into the primordial light, so are the seeds of all things transferred through the Sun's rays into the lower domains. This occurs with the unique cooperation of the intelligences governing this globe and through the spirit diffused throughout the solar body. This same spirit is mentioned in sacred scripture: "The Sun rises and sets, illuminating all, and the spirit travels around in a circuit."  In a manner similar to how the Intellect, by knowing itself, grasps the species and ideas within itself and, through understanding, functions by uniting them with the mind and conveying their knowledge to it, so too does the mind direct the spirit, which serves as the agent of all. In the same way, the spirit conveys the species into the essences and powers of bodies, from which all actions emanate, and these actions, in turn, generate entities in accordance with their likeness. The same principles apply to the Sun. While the Sun's intelligence reflects ideal species within itself, it simultaneously activates the spirit that lies dormant in all the individual particles of the solar sphere, thus arousing the simulated and awakened spirit to disseminate throughout the body. Through this process, the body extends beyond itself via its powers and actions. As such, entities birthed by the Sun generate all observable phenomena. The Sun's powers encompass light and heat, and the seeds of entities are conveyed into bodies through light and propelled by heat, ultimately giving rise to all things witnessed in the theater of this sensory world. Its light serves as a conveyer of seminal purposes, defining their measure, number, and proportion. While it illuminates, it separates and assembles ever-changing elements with its accompanying heat, and it purifies, propels, generates, nourishes, augments, perfects, removes, animates, and sustains. Consequently, all bodies recognize it as their generator, mover, heater, illuminator, and, ultimately, as the bestower and preserver of life. It imparts, infuses, and manifests itself in all bodies through the evident powers of light and certain hidden and sympathetic actions. In conclusion, I assert that the rays and light of the Sun possess a fiery nature, drawn and carried with the Sun itself, wherever the spirit guides it in its circuit. Through this action, it influences the lower realms through light and movement, as the Peripatetics propose. It serves as a conveyor of rays and light for movement and as a conveyer of heat, spirit, and seeds for illumination, without which no generation can occur. However, the heat of this light, penetrating the terrestrial globe with the spirit and seeds, rejuvenates the earth and water. It rarefies, liquefies, melts, stirs, cooks, burns, dries, tempers, nourishes, and adorns all things with its own offspring, which are the heating powers of light. With these principles in mind, I shall now elucidate the matter that greatly perplexed your mind and eluded your understanding: the vast ocean of lights in constant agitation, marked by numerous waves, with an unending succession of spots and shadows. Tell me, my dear Theodidactus, have you ever observed the wonders of this globe through a telescope?

Theodidactus: Indeed, I have, and I was truly astounded. On the Sun's surface, I witnessed an unceasing transformation, and I marveled at the perpetual emergence and vanishing of spots, shadows, and faculae. The ever-changing shapes and the continuous connections and separations that resulted in the Sun's remarkably diverse appearance left me in awe. However, the greatest wonder of all is this: what I once pondered abstractly from the terrestrial sphere, I now witness directly. These effects of spots, faculae, and shadows unfolded right before my eyes, yet I find myself still uncertain about their origin. Therefore, I earnestly implore you, Cosmiel, to unveil this profound mystery of Nature for me, beseeching you with the utmost humility of my mind.

Cosmiel: I would like you to know, my dear Theodidactus, that threefold motion is observed in this solar globe: the first is the local one by which the Sun, approximately every twenty-seven days, completes one revolution around its own center, and by the benefit of this rotation, it abundantly pours out whatever light, whatever radiant virtue it contains, successively propagating them both to the Earth and to the surrounding globes; this rotation, indeed, is not simple but composed of the annual revolution of a movable axis, around which the former motion is described; hence, the Sun appears to the Earth over a space of six months towards the northern summit and the southern depression; and it denies from the same periodicity of the poles and movable axes, appearing above the solar horizon and disappearing below it; From this, it necessarily follows that the Sun, through its annual circuit as well as its monthly one, affects the entire terrestrial globe with new and diverse progeny imbued with seminal reasons. The second motion is the circulation of the solar sea through subsolar tunnels, from which, considering the countless abundance of these winding channels, you will not be surprised to see the solar face appear so varied to earthly observers, obscured by so many shadows, enveloped in so much darkness, shining with so many lights, and marred by so many spots; indeed, as many eruptions occur from the depths of the subsolar globes, so many spots and shadows you may reckon to arise. But the spots that you often observe from the earthly globe arise in this manner: When through the inner winding paths of the solar body a violent surge occurs, that dense boiling liquid's vapor, seeking the high ether, obscures it with its density and obstructs the terrestrial eye from seeing the brilliance of the Sun, and thus it is observed under the guise of a spot. However, when such eruptions of vapors occur across the entire surface of the Sun in countless numbers, it is also necessary to see countless spots from time to time; but when the vapors, carried to higher regions of the ether and rarefied, are followed by the subsequent splendor of violent ebullition in the form of intense light, which you used to call a "facula"; and when, indeed, the motion of circulation is drawn back, certain whirlpools are observed, which, due to their great depth, resemble some shadows that you marveled at just a moment ago; and when, finally, that vapor, ejected with the most violent agitation, draws with it a large portion of the liquid upwards, then, being outweighed by gravity, it falls back into the globe through fiery drops and is restored to its original state; but the fiery vapors carried upwards and continuously driven by the impetus of the Sun, now unfold into huge clouds from the fiery moisture, they are dispersed again into smaller portions until, finally, drawn back by the power of the Sun from whence they came, they return; and thus, in this manner, the appearances of the spots you marveled at are now made, now disappearing; however, since the substance is sometimes so adhesive that they are carried deeper into space than they can follow the motion of the Sun without being dispersed, it happens that, with their free motion through the mobile void of the ethereal space, they are sometimes transformed into comets, about which I will speak with you in more detail later.

Theodidactus: Now that the causes of the spots, faculae, and shadows, which I once observed on Earth's globe with the highest admiration, have been so clearly demonstrated to my eyes that I no longer doubt their generation. I now have a clear understanding of how they are born, grow, diminish, and how spots transform into faculae, and faculae into spots. I comprehend the mysteries of these shadowy phenomena and finally perceive the true nature of these celestial phenomena, which have puzzled astronomers' ingenuity since their initial discovery. I can see why these phenomena are composed of such dense material that, when drawn by the Sun, they complete their revolution around their own axis without dissipation and reappear intact. I also understand the reason behind the transformation of these ominous phenomena into comets. I marvel at the various conjectures of astronomers and physicists who, at different times, believed that all these spots were little stars affixed to their own orbits and circling the Sun. How could stars be born and perish so rapidly? I now clearly see that no philosophy can exist without prior experience. However, as I am filled with immense joy and delight at the vast truths I have discovered, I cannot be satisfied without further inquiries into these extraordinary phenomena. Thus, dear Cosmiel, while I acknowledge my limited knowledge of the hidden treasures of Nature, I humbly request that you provide brief responses to some of my queries.

Cosmiel: There is nothing that gives me greater pleasure than satisfying your desires and commendable curiosity in any way I can. So, please proceed with your questions confidently. I am here to serve as an interpreter and help you delve into the concealed mysteries of Nature, allowing you to inquire into them extensively for the glory and honor of Almighty God.

Theodidactus: What do these countless displays of extraordinary phenomena on this globe signify, given that Almighty God creates nothing in vain? I am eager to understand the purposes and benefits that Nature's wisdom may have intended for the world through these remarkable manifestations.

Cosmiel: To begin with, it's essential to note that even with the naked eye, you can easily observe the Sun, this Solar globe, as the most remarkable entity within the Universe. The Creator, in His infinite wisdom, has fashioned this globe as a universal instrument primarily designed for the sublunar world. Hence, it is no surprise that it is constructed with astonishing artistry, adorned with countless natural wonders, and governed by an unbreakable law of influence, remaining steadfast amidst great instability. This globe possesses three inherent motions granted by Nature: one is diurnal, another annual, and the third is monthly. The first motion, which takes approximately a natural day, that is, 24 hours, to complete a full circle around the Earth, serves for the alternation of day and night, the continuation of living creatures' activities, and ultimately for fertilizing the Earth with its light, sustaining life. This is well-known to all. However, if the Sun were equipped with only this diurnal motion and always followed the same parallel, one-half of the Earth would be condemned to perpetual darkness and cold, while the other half would endure perpetual light and heat, resulting in inevitable destruction. Such a scenario, with the same time allocation for day and night across the Earth, would annihilate all life. To prevent such a dire consequence, another motion was providentially ordained to complement this necessary diurnal motion. With this additional motion, the Sun, over a full year, travels along the oblique path of the ecliptic, countercurrent to the diurnal motion, sometimes turning toward the south, and sometimes toward the north. In this way, it equally covers all regions of the Earth, distributing the influence of its power justly. This is the origin of the four seasons of the year: Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter. It also results in the alternation of day and night in each region of the Earth. This balance in the distribution of light is executed with such fairness that no nation or people can complain of receiving more or less light or darkness than others. Even subpolar populations, surrounded by perpetual darkness for six months, regain the lost light continuously for six months of daylight. On the other hand, those dwelling in equatorial regions experience an equal length of day and night continuously. This arrangement aims to ensure that whatever the Sun has withered in twelve hours of intense radiation, it restores in twelve hours of nightly cold and abundant dew. In the remaining climates, due to the different positions of the Sun in its oblique orbit and the alternation of seasons, Nature regulates the length of days and nights so that there is a balanced distribution of light and darkness, ensuring that the length of daylight is always equal to the length of night, maintaining a wondrous symmetry and equilibrium in all regions. This balance arises from the annual motion of the Sun running between the two tropics. However, because the Sun not only radiates light and motion but also continuously imparts a complex mixture of seminal virtues, if the hemisphere of the solar globe facing away from the Earth were stationary, it would not impact the Earth effectively. Therefore, divine wisdom added a third motion to it, which is the monthly motion. In this motion, the Sun revolves around its own center and axis within 27 days, ensuring that no part of the solar globe appears idle. Instead, it enriches the entire Earth with its influence, directing different virtues to various parts of the Earth and bestowing diverse virtues upon each region. Nevertheless, because the virtues of the hidden seminal reasons in the Sun cannot be released without tremendous commotion, God's supreme and infinite wisdom once again provided that immense and incessant surges would stir up the solar ocean. Through the vast meandering circulation within the interior structure, it would transfer the latent virtues from the center to the circumference, and then communicate them to the surrounding bodies of the World through the dispersion of its rays. Countless channels and recesses within this ineffable globe allow the entire body to be pierced by Nature. The abysses and dreadful whirlpools, which you found astonishing, denote the engulfing of the fiery sea. Although it exhibits some obscure depth, it is referred to as "shadows" when seen from Earth. When there is a violent eruption and forceful surging, what was absorbed is regurgitated, and the fiery vapor, condensed in the solar atmosphere, exhibits the appearance of scattered spots on the Sun's surface. This intense heat also emits a very bright light, which, as the vapor subsides, shines brightly like clear flashes. Hence, spots, faculae, and shadows often appear connected or following each other as they revolve with the solar globe. These phenomena have provided astronomers with a solid foundation for asserting that the globe often revolves around its own center, and they have made compelling arguments in this regard.

 

PART III.

The Genesis, Motion, and Dissolution of Comets, both Solar and Others.

Theodidactus. Confirming these numerous aspects is unnecessary, as I witness the undeniable truths of the educated through my eyes, touch them with my hands, hear the resounding sounds with my ears, discern them with my sense of smell, and comprehend their causes with my intellect. Furthermore, my Cosmiel, you mentioned comets earlier, so I am curious to know how they are generated, what materials compose them, and why they exhibit such irregular motion.

Cosmiel: Indeed, many comets originate from the Sun, and I will provide a brief explanation of the entire process. As you may recall, you have observed the continuous eruptions of fiery globes emerging from the concealed reservoirs beneath the solar surface. However, it's important to note that the intense heat generated by the seething and boiling liquid material cannot exist without vapor. This vapor takes the form of fiery smoke, highly suitable for rarefaction and condensation. It is inevitable that such vast expanses of thin air, which I refer to as the solar atmosphere, would rise above the surface of the solar globe. In fact, it grows to such an extent that it surpasses the lunar spots and the surface of the Earth's globe. I could easily demonstrate this through mathematical reasoning, but I trust in your great power of understanding to deduce it from the statements.

Theodidacus: I have one more question, not to interrupt your fascinating and informative discourse. I would like your assistance with this question, and once we have resolved it, we can continue our discussion. What does it signify when we sometimes observe no eruptions in this vast ocean, then a few, and at other times countless eruptions, to the extent that the entire Earth seems covered with them? Additionally, these eruptions assume various forms that I can hardly believe even Proteus could transform himself into so many different shapes.

Cosmiel: The significant doubt you have raised warrants a more detailed explanation. Allow me to elaborate further. You should be aware, my dear Theodidactus, that the Sun not only exerts its influence on the lower realms but also receives a reciprocal influence from the surrounding celestial bodies, including Earth, the Moon, Venus, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and even the fixed stars themselves. At times, the solar globe, seemingly bound by the fervor of eruptions and struck by benevolent forces, ceases its activity when the opposing qualities are mitigated. This happens especially when these celestial bodies, through their specific qualities, appear to act upon the Sun with concerted effort, tempering the excessive heat of its nature and bringing it to a more moderate level. During such moments, when the humor and coldness of these celestial bodies, through their appropriate qualities, counteract the Sun's seething nature, guiding it towards a more moderate flow, the fervent ocean within its cavities is reduced to a state of moderation. Consequently, the Sun's excessive heat subsides, leading to a decrease in eruptions, and as a result, the vapors you refer to as "spots" also diminish. Thus, the solar globe, freed from these troublesome vexations, presents a serene and unblemished countenance to Earthly observers. Nature seems to strive for perpetual alternation, unfailingly following the principle: "What lacks an alternating respite does not endure." This principle applies not only to the solar body but also to all other celestial bodies within the system. However, when these celestial bodies possess a constitution that allows them to strike the Sun with a contrary force of radiation, a kind of fiery energy confined within them, the spherical mass of the Sun suddenly unleashes itself into great movements, much like a pot boiling over with hot air beneath it. The innermost parts of the solar body, set in motion through hidden channels, expel their matured contents to the outer surface, giving birth to new offspring. From this intense eruption, new vapors and smoky exhalations continually generate and disperse far and wide. These often obscure the face of the Sun, making it challenging for Earthly observers to gaze upon it without a shudder, likening it to suffering from smallpox. Hence, many of the historical observations of the Sun's phenomena find their explanation. To readers, these may rightly appear paradoxical. For instance, during the time of Emperor Justinian, it is recorded that the Sun exhibited a gloomy light without rays, resembling the Moon, as reported by Cedrenus. Similarly, during the reign of Emperor Constantine, the Sun was obscured for 17 days, emitting no rays and shrouded in such darkness that even ships deviated from their courses. Additionally, Pliny reported that after the assassination of Julius Caesar and during the civil war with Antonius, the Sun turned pallid for the entire year, considered a dire omen for mortals. Tertullian also recounted a similar occurrence during the reign of Emperor Augustus, when the Sun nearly lost its light during a gathering at Utica, striking fear into the world. It is essential to keep in mind that the primary causes of such a great pallor and diminished light in the Sun result from the fierce storms of this globe. During those times, with the solar floodgates wide open, an abundance and multitude of smoke and vapors arose, nearly depriving mortals of all light and casting a widespread eclipse over the entire face of the Sun. The pallor, on the other hand, occurred due to the rarity of the vapors. When the Sun shines through them, much like through a thin cloud, it necessarily takes on a pallid appearance, which it soon sheds as its fierceness is restored.

Theodidactus: Please tell me, can the interjection of such vapors and smoke between the Sun and Earth pose any harm to us?

Cosmiel: Certainly, it can indeed cause significant harm. The reason is that within the fiery body of the Sun, light serves as the sole vehicle for the inherent powers. When solar vapors interpose themselves between the Sun and the Earth's globe, it hinders the easy conveyance of this influential power. Therefore, when you read accounts from historians describing unusual phenomena in the Sun, often associated with great portents, followed by widespread sterility, pestilence, famine, and other calamities worldwide, you can conclude that these were far from idle occurrences. Even a minor solar eclipse can impact the terrestrial world to some extent, so one can imagine the far-reaching consequences of multiple such eclipses on the face of the Sun.

Theodidactus: Given that Nature does nothing in vain, I am curious to understand the role of such a vast array of sunspots in the order of the Natural World.

Cosmiel: First, it's essential to understand that the Sun's body, while heterogeneous in its own way, is not entirely pure, and its light is mixed. You may have observed a wide variety of colors on Earth, which are evidence of this phenomenon. So, the first role of these sunspots is to purify the fiery ocean by eliminating impurities from the solar body. This purification process allows the Sun to acquire new powers for illumination and warmth through the emission of smoke and vapor. The second function of solar spots is to act as shadows, tempering the Sun's intense heat to some extent by interposing smoke and vapor. These clouds that come between the Sun and Earth serve to moderate its heat. When the Sun's body lacks such spots, as was observed after the last instance of pallor in the year 1652, it was noted that as these impurities evaporated and the Sun appeared exceptionally brilliant for nearly a whole year without any spots, the entire world suffered from excessive heat during that time.

Theodidactus: But my dear Cosmiel, how can I deduce that the various temperatures I once witnessed on the surface of the Sun, which exhibited significant diversity, are indicative of its heterogeneous nature?

Cosmiel: If the Sun were a simple and homogeneous body, it would emit nothing but light. However, through your observations and experiments, you have come to understand that the Sun is a composite entity, subject to various transformations and governed by the principles of condensation and rarefaction. Consequently, because it contains diverse materials, it is obliged to display various colors. This is why some astronomers attribute the varying colors of celestial bodies to the presence of different substances. Have you ever witnessed the multitude of flame colors on Earth?

Theodidactus: Indeed, I have observed it, and quite frequently at that. I've noticed distinct flames in ordinary wood, a different one in the resinous nature of pine trees, yet another when camphor is ignited, and another in gummy and glutinous substances, vine shoots, and various other types of fuel for fires. I distinctly recall encountering as many differently colored flames as there are different types of wood. Brown, light brown, white, black, green, and even yellow flames have all been witnessed by me. It became evident that the color of the flame corresponds to the color and properties inherent in the wood being burned.

Cosmiel: You have observed accurately, and this holds true. Hence, as explained previously, you should apply the same principle to solar light.

Theodidactus: I implore you, let us now delve into unraveling the remaining part of the mystery concerning the origin of comets.

Cosmiel: I will comply with your request and continue our discussion. According to philosophers' common belief, comets are constituted by hot and dry exhalations, whether they originate from celestial bodies or elemental sources. Additionally, suppose you carefully contemplate the analogy between terrestrial bodies and other celestial spheres. In that case, you will recognize that whatever phenomena you observe on Earth should also occur in a similar manner on other celestial bodies. All physical entities, just like our Earth, possess a natural constitution that leads them to emit specific effluvia consistent with their inherent nature, whether these are vaporous emanations or hot and dry emissions. These emissions, which envelop the entire surface of celestial bodies, are referred to as their 'atmospheres' by experts. I will delve into these concepts and more in-depth at a later time. Among celestial bodies, the Sun, in particular, emits effluvia in greater abundance due to its potent fiery nature and intense heat compared to other celestial entities. The spots you once observed on Earth, now forming into vast clouds before you, can indeed be regarded as emanations from the Sun. Though quite rare, these smoky exhalations rapidly expand to occupy a significant portion of the ethereal expanse when propelled into the higher regions of the ether. Despite their thinness, they are not devoid of opacity, as they obscure the Sun's light when viewed from the terrestrial perspective. This opacity arises because they are composed of condensed vapor, somewhat glutinous and bituminous in nature. As you correctly observed, these exhalations persist for an extended period, with some enduring for about two months and completing two orbits around the Sun in the same location. Their longevity is due to their dense and tenacious composition. However, when such exhalations are propelled into the uppermost realms of the ether, driven by the intense solar heat and gaining greater freedom in those remote ethereal regions, they extend to immeasurable heights. Despite their opacity, they reflect the solar light with which they are imbued back to the eyes of terrestrial observers, resulting in the appearance of a comet, often considered an ominous sign for mortals.

Theodidactus: Contemplating this wondrous discourse brings solace to my soul. I have but a single request: could you kindly elucidate the mechanisms behind the movement of Comets? What accounts for their circular orbits around the Earth, their occasional journeys far beyond the Tropics in both the Northern and Southern regions, and their subsequent shifts to various parts of the world, characterized by a slanting motion? What initiates and drives this distinctive motion, leading them to deviate so markedly and unpredictably from the conventional trajectories of other celestial bodies?

Cosmiel: You've posed a question that has long fueled passionate debates among philosophers, one lacking a definitive resolution. I will endeavor to provide the clearest and most concise explanation possible. To begin, it's crucial to acknowledge the existence of aether鈥攁n exceedingly subtle, highly mobile, and volatile substance that permeates the vast expanses of our universe. This aether remains in perpetual motion, driven by the ceaseless revolutions of celestial bodies that orbit within this cosmic expanse. Secondly, consider the daily circuit completed by the Sun around the Earth. During this journey, the Sun carries with it all the aether that occupies its path, influenced by impulses and attractions. Thirdly, the Sun undergoes periodic changes, akin to chronic maladies afflicting terrestrial bodies, such as earthquakes, floods, and violent volcanic storms, whether due to the malevolent aspect of the stars, or the accumulation of humors swelling like malignant ulcers, or a certain feverish matter matured for eruption, it undergoes these after certain periods of years. Therefore, whenever the paroxysm of such laboring nature occurs; it seizes the solar body, soon breaking the bonds of nature, and with the hidden machinations' barriers opened, it pours forth such a quantity of smoky exhalations over the entire surface of the Sun that, not undeservedly, the whole face of mortals, as we have recounted from the Historians above, was for a long time exhibited to be observed with sad eyes. Thus, with the Sun continuously and successively emitting a huge quantity of smoky vapors, one pushing the other, the former being compacted with a denser order of matter, and each one increased by other exhalations, unaware of being contained within the orbit of the solar vortex, it is compelled to wander in the vastness of a foreign region of the ether; and since the space of the ether, as according to the first supposition, is agitated by a vehement motion, it always thrusts the cometic exhalation into further spaces of the solar path; this thrust occurs in the following manner: Since the diurnal motion of the Sun, with its much swifter pace, always tends with its immense bulk towards the anterior part of the solar ether path, it cannot indeed be the case that such a vast spherical body, not also having the highest mobility in the most clear and incredible ether, would not cause a commotion by its own impulse; for as much agitation as it causes in the terrestrial air, how much smoke or the discharge of a single war engine causes commotion to the globe, earthquakes to the earth, homes, and the noise and breaking of windows, and the darkness and more than enough are clearly shown; but because the motion of the ether is swifter and more impetuous the closer it is to the Sun, and slower the further it is from it; hence it happens that the comet, with the vehemence of the ether, is advanced into the inner paths of the solar path; it always precedes the Sun so much faster, as the most clear breeze, and thus the cometic exhalation, is lighter than the solar body, until, with the impulsive force weakening, the comet reaches the opposite position of the Sun; for then, truly released from the violence of the ether, having obtained full liberty to wander into that region of the sky into which the impulse of the ether has driven it, it is carried. 

Theodidactus: But please explain to me how comets are often seen in the evening after sunset.

Cosmiel: Consider the following explanation: when material from the comet's exhalation is expelled onto the path behind the Sun, whether from its western section, it inevitably encounters a decelerating force caused by the Sun's gravitational pull. Consequently, after the Sun has set, the material appears above the earthly horizon, following the flow of the aether. However, due to the comet's relatively denser composition offering resistance to the aether's agility, it progressively experiences increasing delays in its westward movement. This leads to its deviation from the Sun's path and its journey into other regions of the World, subject to the capricious influences of the volatile air, all while adhering to the same underlying laws governing its forward progression. This irregular motion explains why a comet exhibits phases of ascent, descent, lateral movement, slanting trajectories, straight paths, and even retrograde motion as it traverses various regions of our world. An analogous scenario can be drawn from the wake of a ship generated by its own motion. If lighter objects within the sea enter the ship's wake, you will observe them being propelled towards the forward section of the prow, following the ship's course while being tugged along by a gravitational force. However, once they depart from the wake and the ship's path, they are at the mercy of the vast ocean, where they are carried wherever chance and the wind dictate. Speaking of natural phenomena, have you ever encountered those nocturnal lights known to meteorologists as "will-o'-the-wisps," my dear Theodidactus?

Theodidactus: Yes, I have seen and experienced them many times, especially in places with warm and humid air.

Cosmiel: Have you ever seen a fiery globule that sometimes approached you and other times followed you from behind?

Theodidactus: I have indeed observed them, and I must confess that I did so with a certain sense of dread, perceiving them as apparitions.

Cosmiel: Thus, in the same manner that these ignited exhalations are both propelled forward by the body's motion and drawn from behind when influenced by the surrounding converging air, it is crucial to grasp that a similar dynamic governs the movement of comet exhalations.

Theodidactus: I implore you to elucidate the vanishing of these colossal comet bodies, the emergence of tails as they near dissolution, and the subsequent transformation into faint, diminutive stars. Could they have their origins in the convergence of particular stars?

Cosmiel: These vast exhalations extend well beyond the terrestrial surface and stretch across the Sun's path between the tropics. As they venture beyond the confines of their native air, they gradually dissipate. This dissipation occurs either due to the aether's cooler composition or the region's characteristics. As this dispersion progresses, it triggers the formation of the comet's tail, which is finer and more prone to dissolution than the other parts of the exhalation. Consequently, the tail often appears curved as the dissolving portion recedes and curves back, with the remaining sections of the comet's body trailing behind it. When separated and illuminated by the Sun, some of these detached parts appear as faint stars to observers on Earth. This phenomenon has led some to mistakenly perceive the comet's body as a convergence of stars, a notion you too have considered. However, these fragmented parts gradually scatter into other regions, eventually being drawn back towards the Sun, returning to the chaotic state from which they originated, leaving no trace of their existence. This, in essence, is the lifecycle of comets鈥攖heir generation, motion, and dissolution. I do not doubt that you have comprehended this explanation.

Theodidactus: I have comprehended everything with the utmost delight of my soul. Your discourse suggests that numerous previously unknown and unsolved mysteries of celestial nature can now be easily explained. I am now aware that with remarkable skill, one can explain all the phenomena occurring in the celestial bodies of the universe, which are often considered incredible. How I see those who attribute comets and other unusual celestial phenomena to vast concentric epicycles as deluded! Likewise, those who believe that certain comets result from the convergence of stars within an imperceptible ethereal medium. Blessed be the Father of lights, who, in His infinite goodness, has chosen to enlighten my understanding, once prone to countless errors, with such clear truths through you, His minister. But I beseech you, Cosmiel, the most adept interpreter of divine wisdom, sweeter than any nectar or ambrosia: Do humans observe all the comets on Earth solar comets?

Cosmiel: Quite the contrary; comets can indeed originate from the exhalations and vaporous emissions of various celestial bodies in the universe. As I previously mentioned, it is a natural ordinance that each celestial body emits particular effluvia, akin to breaths and vapors, into the surrounding space, effectively creating its own atmosphere. This insight has been gleaned by the learned scholars of our time through the utilization of specialized instruments. Consequently, whenever, whether owing to an unfavorable stellar alignment, the inherent constitution of the celestial body itself, or, perhaps, even divine permission, violent eruptions of effluvia and exhalations occur within these celestial bodies during specific moments. Such smoky exhalations of this nature are expelled into the outermost regions of their respective vortices, each possessing its own. While not always visible from Earth due to their distance from our terrestrial realm, these exhalations resemble comets or recently formed stars when they enter the expansive aether. In this light, one can regard newly formed stars as essentially comets without tails, a notion substantiated by the brief duration of their existence.

Theodidactus: I beg your forgiveness, but I am curious how newly formed stars can be referred to as comets, given that they consistently maintain a stationary position. This was notably observed in those that emerged in Cassiopeia in 1572 and in the tails of Cygnus, Serpentarius, and other constellations within our historical recollection.

Cosmiel: It's important to note that these seemingly fixed stars were not always in a fixed position; rather, they originated among the fixed stars. Their apparent immobility results from the unfathomable distance that separates them from Earth. Despite the vastness of the space they traverse, akin to the erratic wanderings of solar comets, this immense distance causes their path to contract into an indivisible point when observed from Earth, creating the illusion of constancy in their location. However, when one ascends to the sphere of the fixed stars, a clearer understanding of this phenomenon emerges, and everything becomes illuminated. Returning to the subject of comets, I mentioned that all celestial bodies have the potential to generate them. Still, they can only elevate the abundance of emissions within their respective vortex boundaries to give rise to comets. From this, it becomes apparent that Astronomers who dismiss the existence of sublunary and elemental comets are mistaken. In addition to their highly irregular motion, these comets share the characteristic of remaining above the horizon for only a brief period. They are undoubtedly terrestrial comets, formed from emissions originating on Earth and expanding into the highest regions of the terrestrial ether. The evident parallax they exhibit upon their creation further supports this notion.

Theodidactus: I find great delight in all your explanations, yet one lingering doubt continues to occupy my thoughts. It concerns the following: I observe that some comets have elongated tails, others exhibit a rounded and maned appearance, and still others present a bearded aspect. I beseech you, who possesses knowledge of all things, to shed light on the origins of these variations.

Cosmiel: Your inquiry poses no difficulty, and I will provide a succinct explanation. The arrangement of their smoky exhalations solely determines the shapes of comets. Some extend into elongated forms resembling swords, while others coil into circular, maned configurations. Some take on a radiating pattern like stars, yet others acquire a bearded appearance. The substance itself assumes a tail-like shape, often extending to considerable lengths. This tail consistently points away from the Sun because the solar rays have the ability to penetrate the extremely subtle, cloud-like smoky substance. Light rays refract as this cloud thins out, creating the characteristic tail-like appearance. Additionally, when these smoky exhalations penetrate a compacted mass, they can form a beard or tail on the opposite side, similar to the way sunlight passes through a crystalline sphere, causing rays to converge into a bright cone. Notably, the tail of the comet in the year 1618 was a particularly rare exhalation. As you have personally witnessed, it outshone the stars, a sentiment shared by many other astronomers who also bore witness to this extraordinary phenomenon.

Theodidactus: Certainly, when you mentioned vortices earlier, my earnest curiosity was piqued. I would greatly appreciate an explanation regarding what these vortices are, their significance in the natural order, and whether they can interact with one another.

Cosmiel: Your question, Theodidactus, touches upon a significant and hitherto poorly understood secret of Nature. I believe addressing this matter with a more comprehensive discussion is crucial. Have you ever observed a vortex in the Danube, Tiber, or other rivers?

Theodidactus: I have seen them.

Cosmiel: Have you noticed that when any floating object is introduced into them, it demonstrates a dual motion? The first motion is a spiral one, resembling a coil or a helix, encompassing all floating objects around the center. Additionally, have you observed the second motion, where the object rotates around its own center?

Theodidactus: I remember observing it on several occasions.

Cosmiel: I drew an analogy to this vortex to illustrate the celestial vortices surrounding the celestial bodies. A celestial vortex, in relation to any celestial body, essentially constitutes the entire ethereal system, which includes the body itself and its continuous exhalations, all forming a mutual emanation. Just as it shares the same nature as the celestial body, it influences motion, quality, the power of light, and all aspects of its natural constitution. This celestial vortex revolves around the celestial body as if it were the center, and it is drawn towards, encompasses, and harmonizes with the body's motion in unison. However, since each celestial body possesses distinct inherent properties, it is inevitable that their atmospheres also differ. Consequently, it is implausible for one celestial vortex to enter another or for them to intermingle with their neighboring atmospheres. This constitutes the supreme mystery in the realm of Nature. You may be interested to know that many have struggled to comprehend how celestial bodies can coexist in the ethereal expanse of the world without undergoing change or the risk of collisions. If they understood the nature of celestial vortices, they would not propose the need for numerous crystal spheres to support the fixed celestial bodies to avoid collisions. Nor would others advance futile explanations, suggesting that these bodies swim like fish in a liquid. The unwavering stability of these celestial bodies is fundamentally attributed to the indisputable nature of their vortices. Each celestial vortex steadfastly maintains its position, and it is easier for the entire cosmic apparatus to disintegrate than for them to yield to one another or deviate from the boundaries set by Nature. Consequently, each vortex moves in accordance with the motion of its respective celestial body, which revolves around its own axis. As you have observed with solar spots, which have been identified as smoky phenomena located high above the solar surface, they consistently follow the motion of the celestial body until their exhalations weaken. At this point, they dissolve back into their original state. If the same law governs the smallest particles as it does solar motion, then they follow the monthly motion around the axis and the daily motion around the Earth. Therefore, it is reasonable to deduce that the entire vortex or atmosphere, in conjunction with the celestial body, is destined to revolve along a trajectory determined by an unalterable and irrefutable Law of Nature. I trust you will apply the same principles to the vortices of other celestial bodies. Just as each celestial body attracts its own atmosphere through a particular law of friendship and sympathy, each also vigilantly adheres to the boundaries assigned to them. They staunchly defend these boundaries with an inviolable commitment to the extent that even a slight deviation from their designated path would undoubtedly result in the world's demise, overwhelmed by the tumultuous shifts in vortex positions. As you are well-versed in these astronomical principles, I shall refrain from dwelling on them further.

Theodidactus: One lingering doubt continues to perplex my mind, and with the utmost humility, I implore you to provide clarification. As you mentioned previously, comets meander through the ethereal realms, traversing various regions. However, considering they share the same nature as celestial bodies, what prevents them from returning to the Sun, and instead, causes them to roam extensively beyond the confines of the vortices?

Cosmiel: Your skepticism is well-placed. Understand that the ethereal expanse serves as the common substrate and, in a sense, the conveyance for all the vortices, which are distinct from the expanse itself. As I previously explained, these vortices vary due to the diversity of their inherent natures. It is crucial to grasp that a solar comet, for instance, cannot enter the vortex of Mars due to an intrinsic discordance in their respective natures. Some argue otherwise, asserting that it periodically descends within the Sun's orbit. Still, such a notion implies mutual intersections of the eccentric orbits rather than the vortices contained within those eccentric orbits. Each of these vortices, resembling gems within a ring, remains distinct, drawing matter dissolved from its own celestial body back to its point of origin until eventual dissolution occurs. This brings us to the third concern: certain philosophers find themselves perplexed by the Sun's perpetual emission of a considerable quantity of smoky exhalations while apparently losing nothing of its substance. Were they to comprehend the aforementioned secret of Nature and penetrate this profound truth, I am confident their doubts would dissipate. Consider the Earth, which has been continuously releasing vast clouds and innumerable exhalations since its inception, yet to this day, it has not diminished in size. This should come as no surprise, for just as terrestrial exhalations and vapors ascend into the upper atmosphere, they are subsequently returned to their source in the form of rain, hail, and snow. I implore you to accept that the same principle applies to the Sun and the other planetary celestial bodies. In conclusion, just as vortices within the ethereal expanse revolve in harmony with their respective celestial bodies, a comet in the ethereal ocean can move without encountering any opposition and can be driven here and there. However, Nature has a built-in mechanism to prevent foreign vortices from mingling with its own due toinherent distinctions. Let this explanation suffice for the generation of solar comets.

Theodidactus: Certainly, from your extraordinary reasoning, I now comprehend the previously veiled truth with such clarity that I find no space for further doubt. There appears to be nothing as concealed, extraordinary, or unparalleled as celestial bodies. Your principles have demonstrated their capacity to effortlessly and elegantly resolve even the most intricate questions. Now, dear Cosmiel, the only remaining inquiry is for you to elucidate how such a vast and boundless body, whose limits have yet to be explored, can undergo motion. Thus far, I have perceived no motion, and no star has yet manifested a motion comparable to that of the Sun.           

Cosmiel: Considering that this celestial body covers a vast distance of 69,143 leagues in the span of 24 hours, its speed is undeniably extraordinary. The perception of it appearing motionless to you is simply an optical illusion, as motion becomes discernible only when contrasted with something else that is either stationary or in motion. To illustrate, it may seem motionless when you are inside a ship, but this is a commonly known illusion. Speaking of which, have you ever had the opportunity to perceive the profound agitation within the solar atmosphere, Theodidactus?

Theodidactus: I have sensed it as well, and I have harbored a long-standing curiosity about the underlying cause of this phenomenon, which I now wish to inquire about from you.

Cosmiel: The profound motion of a celestial body, much akin to the immense fires upon it, gives rise to a robust disturbance of the surrounding air, much like the manner in which light follows shadow. Have you ever beheld the tumultuous movements within this fiery sea or experienced the instability of the ethereal expanse induced by the momentum of the Sun's motion?

Theodidactus: I have felt it.

Cosmiel: Indeed, the consequence of these factors is nothing less than the complete tumultuousness of the atmosphere, resembling a whirlwind. This turbulence arises from the daily motion of the celestial body, its monthly rotation around its axis, and, lastly, the vigorous eruptions originating from the body.

Theodidactus: Your arguments are highly compelling, and I now comprehend what has seldom occurred to Philosophers before, both through my observations and my hearing. I dare to assert, with unassailable certainty, that within the entire cosmic apparatus, no celestial body experiences more significant turbulence than the Sun. I also grasp the reason why sunspots have such brief lifespans. They evaporate swiftly, inevitably vanishing due to the vigorous agitation and dispersion caused by the powerful commotion of the solar atmosphere. Nevertheless, do you believe that philosophers should grant credence to our unconventional explanation of these phenomena?

Cosmiel: Philosophers who, informed by practical experiences, do not solely assess reality through abstract reasoning but, with the benevolent insight of God, intuitively behold the miracles that God has chosen to unveil to the world in these more recent times, will not merely endorse these elucidations but will wholeheartedly embrace them. You need to recognize that what I have imparted to you not only aligns with reason but also aligns profoundly with sacred Scripture and the teachings of the Holy Fathers, as you have frequently heard. Therefore, have no apprehensions; feel free to inquire boldly should any doubts persist.

Theodidactus: However, please enlighten me: what causes the motion of this celestial body, and by what means?

Cosmiel: It is important to understand that by divine design, this celestial body, like all others, possesses an inherent predisposition toward a distinct and real motion both around the Earth and along a helical axis, forming a spiral trajectory. However, this inherent power could not fully manifest itself unless it was guided by overseeing Intelligences in accordance with the ordained Laws of Nature, and directed toward specific objectives. Much like the providence of primary causes governs the actions and remarkable instincts of animals, the movements of celestial bodies are orchestrated by Intelligences in accordance with the divine concept that exists in the mind of the supreme Creator. Because this archetypal reason is eternal, infallible, and imperative, it is inconceivable for celestial bodies to deviate from the predefined path and objectives set for them. You have already gained further insights into this from our previous discussions. Now, the final aspect for you to contemplate remains.

He had scarcely completed his words when, lo and behold, I discovered myself on an unfamiliar solar island, the splendor and loveliness of which I wish I could portray as I truly desire. However, no combination of words, no language, no matter how diligently crafted, can adequately convey its magnificence.

 

Theodidactus: I perceive everything around me in the most resplendent and transluscent gold, which, if one were to describe it as crystalline gold, would not be an exaggeration. I behold its radiant luster, and nothing on Earth can rival it; carbuncles, emeralds, sapphires, chrysolites, and amethysts all appear insignificant in comparison, owing to the multitude of intermingling colors. Oh, Cosmiel, what does this signify? Have you led meinto my own paradise? Or perhaps into a chamber of the Empyrean heaven?

Cosmiel: Wait a little, and you will see even greater things, Theodidactus.

And lo, in that moment, the abode of the Almighty Olympus opened before me, and suddenly, I beheld a theater of remarkable splendor. There appeared men of extraordinary stature, whose brilliance no quill, no matter how feathered, could adequately portray. One might have likened them to an array of living suns.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, if you could pause for just a moment, allowing me to closely contemplate the beauty of such immense magnificence, my soul would be engulfed by the overwhelming bliss that comes from this profound contemplation. What is the radiance they emit, surpassing all other gracious radiance? What is the intense warmth that they continuously exude? What are the garments with which they are adorned, woven from the purest threads of light? What is the astonishing swiftness of their limbs, akin to a flash of light? And what are those wings, more marvelous than all the colors of the rainbow?

Cosmiel: These are the most resplendent spirits, the blessed ministers in the service of the supreme Monarch of all existence. They hold positions of authority over the very solar sphere you behold. Through their immense power and unwavering cooperation, they disseminate extraordinary virtues to every facet of the world, in accordance with the archetypal ideals to which they adhere, thereby ensuring the well-being and preservation of the world. The diversity of this celestial body's natural faculties and the roles they play are symbolically represented in the spectacle you are currently witnessing. I need not provide an elaborate interpretation of this symbolic significance to you, as I will share a few insights with those who possess understanding.

Theodidactus: From which choir do these spirits of ineffable beauty come?

Cosmiel: Among the Seraphic order are those who, while eternally gazing upon the countenance of God, burn with the fervor of divine love. They continuously discern, select, and embrace what the eternal will decrees. In their choices and love, they decipher the unwavering nature of the divine plan. Their celestial volume never closes, and its pages are never folded, for God Himself is and forever will be their eternal scripture. They offer perpetual praise, deriving joy from it, as they perpetually behold the source of joy and praise. Their contemplations are ceaselessly immersed in the paths of wisdom as they unwaveringly attend to the unchanging arrangement of divine providence. Consequently, they cannot deviate in the slightest from the works of the divine. Such glory adorns them, grace enriches them, and strength fortifies them, all bestowed by eternal Wisdom.

Theodidactus: Oh, who would grant me the privilege to reside among such a blessed assembly of spirits! Oh, eternal Creator of all things, the very source of life and my deepest longing! How can I even begin to envision you when you have bestowed such excellence and beauty upon your creations? Oh, the timeless beauty that surpasses all others, the embodiment of perfection, the pinnacle of grace, the supreme power, and the epitome of all virtues! Oh, eternal truth, the embodiment of true love, beloved eternity, infuse my heart with the most fervent flames of your love, so that, ignited by the grandeur and beauty of your creations, I may come to truly know you, possess you, and eternally revel in your company alongside these most blessed Seraphic spirits.

Cosmiel: Enough, Theodidactus; it is time for us to shift our focus to the contemplation of other matters. Let us journey forth to explore the other celestial spheres within the structure of the universe.

Theodidactus: I shall obey your instruction, and now, leaving the solar sphere behind, I stand prepared to embark on a journey to the abodes within the expansive ether, far loftier, as we have read, than the chariot of Prometheus ever soared.

CHAPTER VI.

A Journey to the Globe of Mars and its wondrous structure.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, my loyal guide and mentor, where do we find ourselves now? And when will we have the chance to witness the night, allowing us to observe the remaining mysteries of this celestial realm? Thus far, we have been deprived of the sight of either night or darkness, or the otherworldly spheres. The passage of time (if it can even be comprehended in such a unique circumstance) has unfolded within the perpetual and intense radiance of the solar globe. I am unable to recall which month it is or even the number of days that have transpired within this continuous luminosity.

Cosmiel: Considering that all time measurements are grounded in the motionless Earth, with the unceasing movement of stars revolving around it, and given the overpowering brilliance of the Sun that eclipses the radiance of all other celestial bodies, it becomes apparent that on this particular globe, the concept of measuring time, the succession of day and night, and the divisions of hours cannot be established. These parameters all rely on the rising and setting of stars that remain concealed from your view. However, in this very moment, the Sun is at its zenith in Rome, and the grand feast of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul is being celebrated with the utmost solemnity.

Theodidactus: Is it conceivable that so little time has elapsed since the commencement of our expedition?

Cosmiel: It is true, but the wondrous spectacles of the universe you have so far witnessed have made all the time we've spent seem short. But let us continue and proceed on our journey.

And soon, with astonishing swiftness, Cosmiel guided me to the farthest extents of the ethereal realm.

Cosmiel: Lift up your eyes now.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, I shudder, and a sense of wonder seizes me.

Cosmiel: What do you see that is so worthy of such astonishment?

Theodidactus: I behold the infernal globe before me, and I can sense it so intensely that I nearly faint from its incredible and noxious coldness, not to mention the immense whirlwinds that appear to engulf me. I beseech you, please cease, and refrain from taking me any closer, for I perceive grave peril emanating from this sphere. A choleric passion profoundly consumes me, and I sense an unknown surge of anger and indignation burning within me.

Cosmiel: Do not be afraid, my dear friend, for when you find yourself within the vortex or atmosphere of the planet Mars, it is quite natural to be stirred by its strong influence and be agitated by a choleric passion. Accept this celestial and life-giving balm as an antidote, and apply it to your nostrils, ears, and mouth. Once you inhale it, you will be instantly refreshed and swiftly transported into the globe of Mars.

I cannot discern which Vulcanian mountain it has brought me to. Its summit emits innumerable globes of pitchy flames, much like the turbulent furnaces of Etna, ejecting countless fiery globes and liquefied rocks. The globe emits such a noxious odor that I can hardly fathom how any human, without divine protection, could endure even a moment of existence here. The rocky masses of the mountains appear to be saturated with a peculiar soot, and the very substance of the place resembles sulfur, arsenic, orpiment, and other substances with malevolent and destructive properties, flowing like a kind of pitch and naphtha. Yet none of these substances are present, for neither the foul odor nor the mineral compositions resemble anything known to us. Since words cannot precisely describe them, I am compelled to convey my observations based on a certain analogy to familiar mineral species.

Theodidactus: I implore you, Cosmiel, by the sacred name of God's tetragrammaton, to elucidate the nature of these remarkable phenomena, for my soul is profoundly moved by the spectacle of such wonders.

Cosmiel: Wait, soon you will witness even more extraordinary sights. You have just been introduced to the entrance of this first globe. Astronomers appropriately named it the Globe of Mars because it is a realm where an everlasting conflict of Martian elements rages. Here, Mars reigns with unrelenting fury, and Vulcan crafts weapons to afflict humanity with perpetual calamities. Fire and pitch-black waters engage in an eternal struggle, opposing everything associated with the solar globe.

Having been shown this, I was immediately transported to a vast ocean, seemingly ablaze with pitch and bitumen.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, if I have found favor in your eyes, I beseech you, let us depart from here, for who can endure the repulsiveness of this globe? Who can tolerate the noxious fumes and foul stench that pervade the air? I believe there is nothing in the Natural World more rugged, harsh, uneven, or squalid. It would be more fitting to call it a mountain of burning pitch than a globe.

Cosmiel: You of little faith, why do you tremble? What is your complaint? Why are you indignant? Am I not with you, shielding you from all dangers? Indeed, you have absorbed a considerable amount of Martian strength. Do not label it as foul or noxious, for God has ordained it with such providence for the preservation and embellishment of the world.

Theodidactus: I apologize for my great weakness; I yield to you and place myself entirely at your disposal, whatever my fate may be. Now, please elucidate the mysteries of this globe.

Cosmiel: I will do as you ask once I show you the entire constitution of the globe.

With these words, he enfolded me in his customary way and presented the various parts of the globe to be explored. The globe appeared to be composed of a certain lethargic fluid. It wouldn't be far-fetched to compare it to liquid pitch mixed with sulfur. However, it was entirely aglow and, though not exactly bright, emitted somewhat dim, sooty flames, violently boiling from its innermost depths. I say that, from this sluggish liquid and solid matter, it seemed to be flammable, yet not consumed, possessing properties and qualities different from the minerals of the earthly globe, as different as the heavens are high. It was rough and jagged like sulfur, arsenic, or orpiment, yet so hard that it could rival any marble cliff. Here were countless volcanic mountains continuously belching forth flames. Lakes of black fire sent out such large globes of smoke that they obscured the entire face of the sky with their soot. Lightning, thunder, and countless other flashes and roars were perceived to such a degree that all the storms of the earthly globe can only be considered a mere amusement in comparison. We then arrived at an immense abyss, boundless and without end, carved in the form of a crater with the deepest hollows. The pitch-black surface of its bottom resembled nothing else but the abyss of hell.

Theodidactus: What do all these exotic spectacles mean?

Cosmiel: My child, do you recall when you observed this globe from Earth, you saw certain floating bodies on its outer surface, and at the center of that same surface, you noticed what appeared to be a round spot? 

Theodidactus: I indeed remember observing similar things.

Cosmiel: The spot you observed is, indeed, a crater, but it is not always visible from Earth. It becomes visible when this region faces directly towards Earth as the globe rotates around its own axis. In other positions, it remains hidden from view. The floating bodies on the outer surface consist of massive vapors and exhalations. They are not always visible but appear when the globe experiences intense heating. After some time, these vapors and exhalations dissipate and return to their original state within the globe. This explains the dispute among astronomers, as some claim to have observed these phenomena while others do not, depending on the specific times when they are visible.

Theodidactus: For what purpose do you think this immense abyss, which I estimate to be as vast as the entire continent of Africa, has been established in the order of Nature?

Cosmiel: Do you see countless craters on the bottom of this infinite abyss? Can you perceive how liquefied sulfur mixed with bitumen boils together?

Theodidactus: I am amazed and can hardly breathe due to fear.

Cosmiel: You should know that this globe is pierced everywhere with immense tunnels and vast caverns, extending far and wide throughout its hidden depths. These canals serve as conduits, carrying the boiling substance from within the globe's interior chambers outward into the craters designated by Nature. The concealed fire within propels the flow of molten material toward its intended destination. As we discussed earlier regarding the solar globe, a globe cannot fulfill its inherent purpose in the natural order without continuous motion, specifically the motion of circulation. It might appear that the central inner structure is created in vain by Nature, as the entire globe operates through its inward-flowing power. However, rest assured that Nature has established a perpetual cycle of liquid material. Through this cycle, the latent power of fire hidden within the globe's interior, endowed with various properties, is recondensed. Subsequently, this power is radially diffused to the surrounding globes of the universe. As we discussed earlier, the movement of the terrestrial ocean stimulates latent purposes within its dark depths, ultimately generating motion.

Theodidactus: Is this globe composed of the four elements?

Cosmiel: I have previously explained that all the globes within the vast cosmic machinery are composed of the elements. These elements, which were initially part of primeval chaos, were wisely dispersed by the Creator across the various globes of the world. Depending on their arrangement, diverse temperaments arose. Here, you can observe fire prevalent throughout, but its properties differ from those of terrestrial and other globes. Although fundamentally, it is indeed elemental fire, you should understand that the fire of terrestrial bodies, which provides its fuel, takes on the nature, smell, and color of those bodies. Conversely, solar fire adheres to the nature of its own substance. In the case of Martian fire, it also reflects the nature of Martian matter from which it draws sustenance. Consequently, it is replete with dark smoke intermixed with various forms of bitumen and pitch-like substances. However, despite these variations in fires, they share the intrinsic characteristic of being hot, penetrating, and perpetually burning. As for the aqueous element in this Martian sea, it differs significantly from the moisture found on other globes. It is sluggish, turbid, muddled, and contaminated with a wide range of materials. If, however, someone were to employ chemical processes and a simple still to separate the pure from the impure, they would undoubtedly uncover a watery essence distinct from earthly, lunar, or other waters.  Martian air, in relation to the globe of Mars, corresponds to terrestrial air with respect to the Earth, solar air to the Sun, and lunar air to the Moon. Since air is essentially a form of effluvium unique to each globe, blended with the ether, the air on this globe necessarily mirrors the nature of the globe from which it emanates. However, even though it becomes a fluid and highly mobile substance by its nature, the distinctions among these airs are so pronounced that human life cannot be sustained in the air of any of these globes, except within the one designated by the Creator for breathing - namely, the terrestrial one. The terrestrial element is manifested in the rocky formations of this globe, although it differs from the entirety of earthly matter in its various qualities. Here, you can observe rugged rocks, cliffs composed of sulfur, arsenic, orpiment, antimony, and iron-bearing boulders and formations, all unlike our familiar minerals. When these rocks are subjected to chemical dissolution into their fundamental components, they leave behind a residue nearly identical in substance to earthly matter. Hence, the four elements are present here, not in their terrestrial form but in a state suitable for the globe of Mars. Furthermore, if we hypothetically considered a continuous process of separating the pure from the impure, and the elements were reduced to their ultimate degree (though this is not feasible), then certainly, the elements of all the globes, at this final stage, would possess the same naked substance, as I mentioned previously. This underscores that the diverse qualities of the elements are attributed to the unique powers and properties conferred upon them by the respective globes. Nevertheless, when it comes to their inherent propensity for motion, they do not differ from the terrestrial elements. Each globe's elements have a center they are drawn toward if they are heavy and move away from if they are light. Solid substances within this globe, forming its constituent parts, naturally gravitate towards Mars due to their inherent inclination and resist joining any other globe. Conversely, light and fluid substances, such as fiery exhalations, have a tendency to ascend from the globe's center as it aligns with their natural disposition, which is essential for the formation of the globe's atmosphere.

Theodidactus: Your explanation of the mysteries of this globe has been so precise, lucid, and adept, all guided by the meticulous Art of Analogy, that I find myself compelled to place my faith in them. Now, if you would be so kind, I beseech you to elucidate the specific, influential virtue inherent to this globe, along with its nature and qualities.

Cosmiel: The particular virtue of this globe lies in its capacity to stir the choleric humor in the lower realms, generating destructive heat and imbuing everything with a corrosive potency. Consequently, when this influence encounters an appropriate recipient on Earth, one already possessing a corresponding predisposition, it imparts its own attributes, fostering feelings of vengeance, fury, violence, and other qualities commonly associated with anger. Thus, over the course of countless generations and by the consensus of nations, the name of the globe Mars has been rightfully bestowed upon it, based on the effects it engenders, as attested by astrologers' longstanding observations.

Theodidactus: Do you then approve of judicial Astrology?

Cosmiel: Certainly not, my child; judicial astrology and the influential virtue I have described are distinct concepts. Judicial astrology, apart from being misleading in ascribing power both to human will and to God, is built upon unstable and ever-changing foundations. It ensnares mortal minds with a multitude of fables and trivialities. In contrast, the influential virtue I discuss serves as the basis for genuine philosophy, allowing us to explore the underlying causes of Martian influences. While judicial astrology abounds in falsehoods, the influential virtue is firmly rooted in undeniable experiments and serves as the authentic path to understanding celestial physics.

Theodidactus: O divine magister, please explain the reason and manner of the effects of Mars.

Cosmiel: Lest it seems that I am hiding any secrets from you, I will teach you the whole mystery through a familiar experiment. Let a globe be made from sulfur, antimony, orpiment, arsenic, naphtha, and pitch mixed together, and if you ignite it in a closed space; the result will be the release of vapor from the globe, soon the head will be afflicted with severe dizziness, the heart and liver will be inflamed with intense heat, finally, with the limbs invaded by such pernicious vapor, you will feel yourself seized by a kind of manic fury, trembling of the limbs, and convulsions of the whole body. You should consider the same to occur in the Martian globe, which, consisting of a mixture analogous to the substances mentioned, causes the influential power of the globe to produce effects analogous to those mentioned in the terrestrial world wherever it finds a proportionate and properly disposed subject, whether it be in the economy of sentient beings or of plants and minerals; however, the positioning of the globe, whether straight or oblique to the earthly surface, greatly contributes to the intensity of the effects, as does the conjunction of another malignant star with the Martian globe, whereby, given the mingling of the malign qualities of both globes, it can scarcely be said how much the influential power is intended to produce harmful and pestilential effects.

Theodidactus: Oh, how much you enlighten my intellect with such an elegant and beautiful comparison! But one thing greatly troubles me, as I cannot conceive it by any force of intellect; why Nature, which always aims at the good, has constituted such a pernicious and destructive monster in the fabric of the universe.

Cosmiel: Theodidactus, I see that you have made little progress in the mysteries of Philosophy; if you knew why the Most Excellent God has placed in the economy of living beings vipers, toads, spiders, dragons, quite harmful poisons to mortals; in the realm of vegetation herbs and plants filled with lethal toxins, as well as in the kingdom of minerals, arsenic, orpiment, and similar substances; you would not be surprised by the malign influences of the Martian spheres. Therefore, know that this sphere was placed in the ethereal space with this purpose by the highest providence of God; firstly, so that whatever venomous substances exhaled from the influence of other malignant stars, this sphere would attract all of it with its inherent avidity for its own nourishment, just as the toad was placed for the purpose of attracting whatever poison and deadly qualities lay hidden in the earthly soil, as if into a living pouch of poison, which is likewise said of serpents and dragons; do you not know that every venomous substance dispersed in the air, so as not to contaminate the substance of the air far and wide, attracts and absorbs it within itself by a remarkable sympathy? If this did not happen, the safety of the human race would be greatly endangered by the pernicious contamination of both the earth and the air. Lest the violence of Mars striking the earth would lead to obvious destruction, nature desired it to be placed in the greatest eccentricity of all, below the Sun and Venus; constrained by Jupiter's influence, it would cease for a while from its savagery due to certain veiled actions. Also, it happened that the Martian sphere, revolving around its axis, would not always exhibit the same pestilential plagues, but would successively display sometimes virulent, sometimes temperate, and shortly after, remarkable effects of efficacy; hence, in its eccentric motion, which occurs around its axis, through the succession of times, it produces ever-new and different combinations of effects; likewise, for the reason that between Mars and Saturn there are discordant spheres, from the evaporation of which all the evils of the sublunary world originate, Jupiter, the most benign star, rejuvenated by a certain marvelous harmony, acts as an intermediary; as if he were the arbitrator of arising disputes, by his salutary influence the altogether pernicious force of both would be restrained and tempered; so that with the reins of destructive powers loosened, the sphere, in its usual malignancy, would not lead to the open destruction of the whole lower world, and ultimately to its final destruction; therefore, nature in the disposition of such pernicious bodies should by no means be accused of neglect, but rather you should think that it arranged it with the highest and hidden purpose; for this Martian sphere, however virulent it may be, was necessary for the preservation of the world, just as the benign and salutary nature of the other spheres: for just as certain blistering medicines possess a certain power to excel in curing pernicious fevers and the inundation of worst humors in the human body, so in the greater world overflowing with floods of humors, the power of causticity and drying, which is the faculty appropriate to the sphere of Mars, prevails; for sometimes the lower world suffers from dropsy, for which no other more opportune antidote is provided than the said power of the sphere of Mars; by which malevolent faculty and humor, to some extent, is dissipated and dried up; thus, there is no evil in the nature of things that does not yield to the good of the whole, and ultimately to the preservation of the universe; just as beautiful harmony cannot exist without discord, indeed, it is deemed unpleasant and inept to the ears without its own accompanying dissonances, so the world without the dissonant spheres of both Mars and Saturn, as well as the others.

Theodidactus: I now realize, Cosmiel, that you possess profound knowledge of all the mysteries of Nature, leaving no divine secrets concealed from your understanding, which radiates through the majesty of Nature. Given your greatness and excellence, I trust that you will not hesitate to clarify another uncertainty that plagues my mind: I recall that, through the grace of celestial vision, I have witnessed Mars not always as a perfect sphere but occasionally in the form of a crescent (similar to the moon), with no discernible waxing or waning, as seen in lunar phases. I am eager to understand the cause of this phenomenon.

Cosmiel: You should first understand that the globe of Mars is designed in such a manner that it receives illumination from both the Sun and its own internal light. Empirical evidence indicates that it is most brilliantly illuminated during perihelion, when it is closer to the Sun. During aphelion, when it is farther from the Sun, it receives less illumination and takes on a darker, reddish, and almost blood-like appearance. This change in appearance is solely the result of Mars's own radiance. Here, everything seems to be powered by a sulfurous and bituminous flame, which is sufficient to provide illumination even when the Sun is at its farthest. However, there exists a vast region on this globe, spanning a considerable extent, which is essentially a plain lacking any bodies of water. It resembles a muddy sea or a pitch-black ocean due to its extreme viscosity, making it impassable by human foot or any form of vessel.

Theodidactus: Please show me this wonder of the globe.

Cosmiel: It shall be done.

Upon his announcement, I was promptly transported to the desired location.

Theodidactus: Oh, the horror, what a dreadful sight! Indeed, as you foretold, I behold a pitch-black sea, but it is not in liquid form; instead, it appears thick and congealed like a dense porridge. Here, there is no sign of flames or light; everything is filled with a terrifying obscurity veiled in a somber haze. It remains impervious to both direct and reflected light, transforming even the daytime into a dark, lightless night with its inky blackness.

Cosmiel: This is the region of the Martian globe that you have frequently observed from Earth with a sense of amazement. Given its inability to receive any light, it's understandable that observers on Earth, who can only see the illuminated sections of the globe, would perceive it as appearing "cut" or "split," resembling the phases of the Moon.

Theodidactus: But why does this not always appear this way?

Cosmiel: This phenomenon occurs due to the rotation of the sphere around its center. As we mentioned earlier, the vortex also behaves in a similar fashion, sometimes revealing and at other times concealing, depending on the different positions of the sphere in its eccentric orbit.

Theodidactus: You must understand that Nature does nothing without purpose. This harsh and inhospitable region on the globe of Mars serves its own role and purpose in the grand design of the universe.

Cosmiel: This inhospitable region on the globe of Mars serves as a type of pantry or storehouse for the nourishment of the globe. It acts as a reservoir for the everlasting fire within the globe, from which a continuous supply is distributed to various parts of the globe's inner workings. This circulation involves the sooty emissions of fiery exhalations, which are cast upwards and then return to sustain the newly formed combustible materials, thus maintaining a perpetual cycle of nourishment and energy.

Theodidactus: The apparent size and color of the Sun as observed from different planets can vary significantly due to their varying distances from the Sun. When you see the Sun nearing the Martian horizon, it appears smaller and reddish because of its greater distance from Mars compared to Earth. The phenomenon of the Sun appearing larger when near Venus, despite Venus being smaller, is due to the combined effect of Venus's closer proximity to the Sun and its position in the sky relative to the observer on Mars.

Cosmiel: You should be aware that your current position on the globe places you at its apogee, which is characterized by an extreme distance from the Sun. Therefore, it should not be surprising that the Sun appears considerably smaller, with an angular size of only 25 minutes, from this particular vantage point.

Theodidactus: I am truly amazed at how, despite its faint light, the Sun manages to create a day of equal brightness to our Earthly days when it rises above the terrestrial horizon.

Cosmiel: The reason for this brightness is the unique light of this globe, created by both the sulfuric Ocean and the flaming Volcanic craters. Although this light is mixed with the feeble light of the Sun, it significantly intensifies the illumination. If this Martian globe were deprived of its own light, the Sun would barely illuminate it with as much brightness as the Full Moon illuminates Earth. I want you to understand that this is especially true when Mars reaches its farthest point from the Sun. When it is closest to the Sun, the daytime on this globe is at its brightest. In fact, for the reasons mentioned, it is much brighter and more luminous than your Earthly days. Therefore, it is clear that the brightness of this globe also increases or decreases with its motion away from or toward Earth.

Theodidactus: But why does it appear so reddish?

Cosmiel: If you were to look at the Sun through red-colored glass, what color would you see?

Theodidactus: I suppose you would see it in the same color as the glass it's filtered through, namely red.

Cosmiel: Understand that the Sun appears reddish from this globe for the same reason. The medium, the Martian atmosphere, has a color similar to the dark hue of the sulfuric sea, and the fiery emanations share this color. Therefore, it's not surprising that you see Mars, influenced by these Martian elements, in a reddish and blood-like hue. You should also realize that the various colors of the stars you observe signify different conditions of those globes, but these matters are more familiar and do not require a more extensive explanation.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, at last, I behold the long-awaited night, with the Sun sunk below the horizon, and now I can see the celestial tents unfurled in the sky.

Cosmiel: I shall traverse the entire expanse of the firmament and meticulously examine the formations of stars.

Theodidactus: Oh, the wondrous visage of the sky, unlike anything I beheld on Earth! Where is the Moon, where is Earth, where are Venus and Mercury? I perceive clusters of stars I've never before witnessed, and a multitude of distinct star formations. Please elucidate the significance of these radiant regions of the firmament, teeming with an uncountable multitude of stars. Enlighten me about each aspect, for I discern no Astrological principles to guide me.

Cosmiel: Do you observe that diminutive reddish spot, approximately the dimensions of a fixed star as seen from Earth, displaying an apparent magnitude of 3?

Theodidactus: I see it.

Cosmiel: That is the Earthly globe.

Theodidactus: Is it truly so? Oh, how trivial earthly affairs appear, how futile human concerns seem, how hollow are your anxieties! All your labors are centered around a mere speck. Where are the once-gloryed empires, the expanse of territories, the grandeur of the living, the joys of humanity's offspring? How restricted are your domains, how rooted in emptiness you exist!

Cosmiel: It is so. But now, do you see that bright star just a few feet away from Earth?

Theodidactus: I see it.

Cosmiel: That is the Moon

Theodidactus: You say something paradoxical.

Cosmiel: I speak the truth.

Theodidactus: But why do I see it so motionless? Why is it so close to Earth?

Cosmiel: You should be aware that the distance from our current location to the Moon and Earth is such that the entire diameter of the Lunar concavity presents an overlap of only 6 feet to our eyes. Therefore, due to the Moon's changing position within its orbit, it may occasionally appear closer or farther away but rarely, if ever, exceeds this overlap. Given the immense distance of this globe, which is 21,079 semidiameters, and the entire diameter of the lunar concavity being 2,736 semidiameters of the Earth, the laws of optics limit our view within these narrow confines. Hence, it's not surprising that it appears completely motionless. Do you notice two other small stars near the horizon?

Theodidactus: I see.

Cosmiel: Those are Venus and Mercury. The brighter one is Venus, while the darker one is Mercury. These two stars are visible when they are at their greatest distance from this globe, and they almost appear to vanish into nothingness. However, as they come closer to this globe in their eccentric orbits, they gradually increase in size. Eventually, Mars approaches them in its vast eccentric orbit, to the extent that it can be compared to a small crescent when viewed from those worlds.

Theodidactus: But what, I wonder, do those two colossal luminous bodies, which shine with such grandeur, signify?

Cosmiel: The former represents the globe of Jupiter, while the latter symbolizes the realm of Saturn. However, Theodidactus, when we are introduced to both a little later, you will witness things that have never entered the minds of any mortals.

Theodidactus: What is the significance of that bewildering gathering of stars I have never encountered before?

Cosmiel: You should be aware, my son, that you are now 21,069 semidiameters of the Earth closer to the firmament. This proximity allows you to observe countless orders of stars that are beyond the reach of earthly observers. The vast multitude of stars you see makes up what astrologers refer to as the "Zodiac." In due time, I will provide you with many insights and visual demonstrations to help you understand its significance.

Barely had he finished speaking when I suddenly heard a deafening noise behind me, resembling the clamor of an army. As I turned around, an incredibly terrifying and awe-inspiring spectacle unfolded before my eyes鈥攁 squadron of horsemen, surrounded by billowing flames. Both the horses and their riders emitted flames from all directions. In one hand, the riders brandished a fiery, whirling sword, while in the other, they held a blazing staff and a whip, symbolizing their fury. Their faces were contorted with rage, and their eyes shot forth fiery rays.

Theodidactus: Oh, my dear Cosmiel, please come to my aid, for my heart is sinking from fear, my limbs are paralyzed with horror, and my voice is choked in my throat at the sight of this terrifying spectacle.

Cosmiel: Do not fear, my son. Those you see are not demons, but rather the guardians of this globe, serving as ministers of divine justice. At times, with God's permission and in response to the wickedness of humans, they are called into action for the globe's scrutiny and retribution. In the lower world, all sorts of events occur, including riots, battles, killings, the overthrow of cities and kingdoms, plagues, and famine. Those dispatched from this globe bring about the eventual downfall of Earth. The symbols adorning these guardian spirits are intended to make this fact abundantly clear.

Theodidactus: It is sufficient for me, Cosmiel. Indeed, with the grandeur and majesty of divine works almost overwhelming me, there is nothing left for me but to contemplate the one who orchestrates all things, whose greatness and power are beyond number or limit. Let us depart from this tainted globe and bask in the purer atmosphere of the higher ether. I had scarcely uttered these words when we were transported into the vast expanses of the universe, leaving behind the globe of Mars.

CHAPTER VII

A Journey to the Globe of Jupiter and the admiration of its presence in the work of Nature.

Cosmiel: Theodidactus, we shall now turn our attention to the globe that is fraught with fear and deadly poison, guided by divine grace. There is nothing left for us to do but to introduce this globe for your exploration, as it possesses properties entirely contrary to the previous one.

Theodidactus: I give eternal thanks for the great care and concern that you have taken on my behalf. Since there is no other way to repay you, I offer myself entirely to you so that you may make yourself entirely of God.

Cosmiel: I am pleased with your pious desire towards me and your Creator, God. In the future, I will strive to ensure that you work for the salvation of your soul with fear and trembling through the demonstration of divine wonders. You will also lead others who are burdened by excessive concern for worldly matters to a better understanding of the divine miracles, which flow forth from nothingness to benefit humanity. This will guide them towards a more fruitful and virtuous life. Therefore, look and carefully consider the works of the Lord, not only in their creation but also in their preservation, with no less power than in their wise creation and with infinite wisdom in their preservation.

Theodidactus: Oh, my Cosmiel, what do those four enormous globes we encounter signify? What is that immense world I see situated among them?

Cosmiel: This is the majestic Jupiter system.

Theodidactus: Oh, what a wondrous sight! I see four moons: the first fully illuminated, the second in a dichotomous phase with one side illuminated, and the third and fourth displaying a crescent-like appearance. Please, explain the meaning of this unusual phenomenon to me. Let us hurry, for I am unable to rest, and I long to closely contemplate the magnitude and diversity of these divine wonders.

Cosmiel: Let it be as you have requested.

Theodidactus: But what does that swift flow of ether signify?

Cosmiel: Do not be surprised to find ourselves amidst the whirlwinds of Jupiter's companions, which move at tremendous speeds around the globe of Jupiter. Naturally, such a great disturbance caused by the four moons would result in a significant flow of ether.

Theodidactus: I comprehend the mystery, yet what is this potent, sweeter fragrance than amber and moss combined, that I detect and that refreshes me so profoundly?

Cosmiel: This signals Jupiter's beneficial exhalation and emanation, serving as a clear indication of our proximity to its atmosphere.

Theodidactus: But oh, the miracle that I see!

Cosmiel: Tell me, my son, what do you marvel at so greatly?

Theodidactus: I see an immense world shining with light from all sides, brilliantly illuminated everywhere.

Cosmiel: This is the globe of Jupiter, for which you so eagerly desired to see.

With that, it transported me to the very surface of Jupiter, atop its tallest mountain. Here, I gazed upon expansive realms adorned with crystal-clear waters, extending to the horizon. I might have mistaken it for another facet of Venus, had it not been for the colossal size of this globe, akin to an ostrich's egg surpassing a chicken's.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, where does such brightness on this globe come as I do not see the Sun?

Cosmiel: Look in the direction opposite to where you are positioned. Do you see that very bright little globe?

Theodidactus: I see it.

Cosmiel: That is the Sun.

Theodidactus: Can it be that this tiny globe, whose diameter I can barely grasp from an angle of six minutes, illuminates such an immense globe as Jupiter?

Cosmiel: You are right to question this phenomenon. While the Sun's light does play a role in illuminating this globe to some extent, it falls short of producing the level of brightness you currently witness. To comprehend this, consider that if the Sun were the sole source of illumination, Jupiter would not appear significantly brighter than Earth during twilight when the Sun is just below the horizon. However, as you can observe, the daylight on this globe is exceptionally luminous, akin to the intensity of the Sun at its zenith on Earth. Hence, this heightened brilliance must originate from an alternative source. This matter warrants further contemplation, and I find it necessary to provide a more detailed explanation. Therefore, I pose the question: What would transpire if Earth were fifty times larger than its present size in terms of its illumination by the Sun?

Theodidactus: I believe that such a scenario would be virtually impossible without causing a catastrophic collapse of Earth. The substantial expansion of our planet would inevitably lead to perpetual darkness in certain regions, particularly the polar areas. This shift would disrupt the conventional cycle of day and night, altering the nature of living organisms and inducing widespread disruptions, as the Sun's existing energy output would prove insufficient to illuminate Earth on this grand scale. Consequently, this configuration would either spell doom for our planet, or a supplementary Sun would need to join the existing one, thereby gradually illuminating the entire Earth in harmony with its intended natural order.

Cosmiel: Your reasoning is quite sound. Similarly, this Jupiter globe, positioned at a staggering distance of 49,478 semidiameters from Earth and possessing a colossal size, cannot solely rely on the Sun's feeble illumination to be fully lit. Undoubtedly, additional sources of light must have been required to prevent a celestial body endowed with such remarkable attributes from being shrouded in eternal darkness. Do you observe those four moons of Jupiter?

Theodidactus: I see them as well, and it's truly astonishing how much larger they appear compared to how we on Earth perceive the Sun and the Moon.

Cosmiel: These are the four globes that you previously mistook for the four moons in their various phases. Each of these globes not only receives light from the Sun but also emits its own light. The synergy of these two light sources significantly enhances the illumination of these globes.

Theodidactus: However, what does this newfound phenomenon signify? Behold, the globes that were once brilliantly illuminated now emit a different, more subdued radiance. I observe them bathed in an unfamiliar hue, yet I am uncertain of its significance.

Cosmiel: You should be aware that these globes emit their own light to a certain degree. When they enter Jupiter's shadow and are no longer illuminated by the Sun, they manifest their inherent light as a substitute. That's why they appear to take on a subdued color when in Jupiter's shadow. As we continue to explore these globes, you will become more acquainted with their inherent illumination.

Theodidactus: How can this happen, when I do not recall ever observing them bathed in this color on Earth?

Cosmiel: Do not be astonished, as the distance of these globes from observers' eyes makes it impossible for their inherent light to be sustained without the reinforcement of solar illumination. Consequently, once they enter the shadow, their light must inevitably extinguish. Nonetheless, since these globes are not as distantly positioned from Jupiter as their unusual size might suggest, their inherent light, being closer, infuses these larger entities with an extraordinary native radiance that is concurrently subdued by the primary solar light. It is only through divine providence that a globe as vast as Jupiter can be maintained in perfect harmony by the globes endowing it with their unique light. You perceive them resembling moons because the blending of native light and solar light fails to create a uniform brightness on the opposite side of the globe. Consequently, a divergence emerges: the side facing away from the Sun appears darker, while the side exposed to the Sun appears exceedingly bright. This variation leads to these globes being perceived as fully illuminated or dichotomously lit, contingent on their positions and orientations within their orbits. It is through these four globes, akin to four surrogate suns, that the immense globe is illuminated and energized to fulfill its purpose of radiating perpetual light to Earth.

Theodidactus: Now, it is time for you to elucidate the magnificent structure of this globe.

I had scarcely uttered those words when I suddenly found myself standing on the awe-inspiring shores of an immense, boundless ocean, surrounded by countless scattered islands. The aqueous component of this globe possessed a transparency so pure that no comparison could do justice to its clarity. The more solid regions of the continent radiated such intense brilliance that one might imagine the mountains and valleys were composed solely of pristine, radiant silver. The fragrance permeating the air was truly exceptional and unparalleled, causing me to regard all earthly scents as of immeasurable worth. With my mouth and nostrils wide open, I deeply inhaled the essence of these celestial aromas with all my being. I felt that the exquisite sweetness of these fragrances invigorated the vital spirits throughout my entire body, and in my elevated state of mind, I entertained thoughts worthy of kings.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, to which sphere have you transported me? I genuinely regard this celestial body as the very threshold of paradise. Indeed, it appears that nothing essential for human happiness is absent in this realm, with the harmonious murmuring of the tranquil waters, the purity of the atmosphere, the visual delights, and the auditory pleasures. It is indeed a regal orb. I now perceive that the astrologers' declaration of Jupiter as the royal star has been confirmed, offering its inhabitants dignities, honors, and dominion as promised.

Cosmiel: My dear Theodidactus, while you possess a commendable appreciation for it, I must caution against investing excessive trust in the superstitious illusions propagated by astrologers.

Theodidactus: Please explain, then, what is the significance of this magnificent globe and how it operates in the lower realms.

Cosmiel: As I mentioned earlier, each planetary sphere possesses distinct qualities bestowed upon it by Nature, setting them apart from the virtues of other celestial bodies and resulting in various effects on the lower realms. This Jupiterian sphere excels among them, possessing virtues that bestow similar powers when proportionately applied to the terrestrial sphere, second only to the Sun. Therefore, if the malign influence of Mars and Saturn does not impede its virtues, it brings about a delightful serenity in the terrestrial atmosphere and a most healthful temperance. It stirs up winds, especially those most beneficial to sensitive and vegetative natures, while also moderating the extremes of summer heat and winter cold, not only within the elemental air but also to the advantage of all sublunary beings. It fosters peace, safety, fertility, and bountiful harvests. In the realm of plants, it governs over herbs and flowers, particularly those imbued with aromatic fragrances. Within the human sphere, it kindles the vital spirits, which, once awakened, incline individuals toward wisdom, gravity, the pursuit of business endeavors, and the undertaking of significant and grand tasks, all guided by a certain analogy.

Theodidactus: However, my dearest Cosmiel, I inquire, how is this virtue transmitted, and upon what does it depend?

Cosmiel: You have, I believe, encountered a common aphorism among philosophers: "No one gives what they do not possess." The production of the effects mentioned in the sublunar realm would be impossible if this influxive or dependent virtue did not reside within this Jupiterian sphere. Consequently, it necessarily resides within the sphere, with its radiant vehicle being the effluent emanation of the sphere's light. This emanation is carried to the surrounding orbs, particularly to the terrestrial sphere, for which all things were created. To further elucidate this matter, let us proceed with an experiment, as you have often employed. Let a mixture be prepared from gray amber, cinnamon, cloves, musk, rosewater, and lemon spirits, formed into the shape of a sphere. If you place this mixture in a rose-colored glass vessel filled with water and expose it to fire in a confined space, you will soon observe that this composite sphere emits an incredibly sweet aroma that permeates the entire dwelling. Upon closer examination of the effects of this virtue, you will notice that all individuals within the house will experience various degrees of stimulation. Those who are most profoundly affected by this emanation, their vital spirits stirred by its congenial influence, will quickly be inclined toward cheerfulness, liveliness, and remarkable alacrity, each according to their temperament. Consider that a similar process occurs within the Jupiterian sphere. Since this sphere is composed of material highly charged with noble and salubrious virtues and perfectly analogous to the composition of the sphere mentioned earlier, it is certain that when it is bathed in the constant diffusion of light from the four Jovian spheres, it excites virtue through the radiated flow of light. This influence extends to the sublunar realm, affecting all subjects predisposed to receive its temperament. Suppose an individual is born with a temperament proportionate to the influence of Jupiter. In that case, it will soon manifest its effects, inclining them toward the mental and physical qualities I previously mentioned. However, this inclination may vary depending on the concurrent aspects of Jupiter with malefic or beneficent influences from other planets. The same applies when the Jupiterian sphere is combined with unfavorable planetary configurations, akin to mixing substances such as pitch, bitumen, naphtha, sulfur, and other noxious materials into the aromatic mass. Such actions would nullify the efficacy of the benevolent virtue emanating from it. Hence, it becomes evident why diverse effects are produced in the sublunar realm. This variance arises due to the different mixtures of radiated influences from both malefic and beneficent planets, as well as the varying configurations of the Jupiterian sphere within its orbit. These factors are intertwined within countless laws of combinations. I must express my disapproval of the audacity and recklessness of certain astrologers who confidently make predictions about the destinies and fates of nations and kingdoms based on astrology, presuming they can establish astrology with infallible rules. You should be aware, Theodidactus, that it is exceedingly rare to encounter two individuals on the entire globe who are entirely identical, free from any noticeable differences, not just in terms of appearance but also their voices, and even in their gait and natural bodily constitution. Even if someone were well-versed in the rules of the combinatorial arts, they would discover that the human intellect cannot fathom the individual causes behind all these influences, the multitude of combinations, and the diverse blend of influences, no matter how profound and penetrating their genius may be. This knowledge is reserved exclusively for angelic intelligences that govern the spheres, contemplating all the rules of combinations within the supreme archetype of the Triune.

Theodidactus: However, when you discuss these virtues residing within a celestial sphere and their influence on the lower realms, does it not imply that a consistent outcome always results from them?

Cosmiel: When I discuss the influence of celestial spheres, I do so as if there were only one unadulterated sphere in the world, untouched by the various blended qualities from other spheres. However, given that the planets and fixed stars possess specific qualities that impact the lower realms, one must acknowledge the countless combinations that arise from this interplay, which can scarcely be grasped by human intellect. Who can fathom all the intricate combinations originating from individual spheres as they orbit their own centers, bestowing different qualities upon the Earth? Nonetheless, experience, stretching back to time immemorial, has shown us that when such a sphere assumes a particular alignment with the Earth, a corresponding effect consistently ensues. Yet, the outcome still depends on the receptivity of the matter at hand.

Theodidactus: Consequently, it can be deduced that there exists a significant imperfection in earthly matters and a profound level of complexity in the influence exerted by celestial bodies, which runs counter to the natural order of things.

Cosmiel: You are greatly mistaken, Theodidactus. What you perceive as confusion and imperfection is, in reality, the highest order, the ultimate perfection, and absolute harmony meticulously crafted by the Supreme Creator of all things. Only He possesses the knowledge to perfectly arrange and orchestrate these influences so that, amidst the infinite variety they generate, the world maintains its beauty and propagates essential species in accordance with the laws inscribed in His archetypal mind. For instance, if the Moon were to exert sole dominion with its moisture-inducing and swelling powers, the entire earthly realm would succumb to deluges. Similarly, if the Sun were to exclusively govern all with its heating influence, everything would desiccate into dust due to excessive dryness and the relentless intensity of heat, without the balance provided by lunar virtues. Likewise, if Mars were left unchecked in its ferocity and malevolence, all earthly existence would be consumed. Hence, by the divine disposition, the Sun, Moon, Venus, and Mercury were arranged in a manner that allowed each to counterbalance the impetus of the others and rein them in through the exchange of their complementary virtues. Jupiter, with his benevolence and imperial majesty, is strategically situated between Mars and Saturn, thwarting their schemes and conspiracies aimed at destabilizing the lower realms. He pushes back against their efforts and conflicts, ensuring that his own dominant influence doesn't subdue everything. He not only subjugates some adversaries to his authority but, through amicable alliances, seeks support from the collaborating light. This, my dear Theodidactus, represents the union and unity of all celestial spheres, conspiring to preserve the universe like a wondrous harmony composed of consonance and dissonance, upon which the world uniquely depends.

Theodidactus: Your divine reasoning has indeed convinced me, leaving me with no further objections. Thus, let us proceed to other topics. I recollect having observed numerous features on Jupiter's surface in the past, each of which never failed to fill me with profound admiration. Among these features, the renowned bands that encircle the majestic royal sphere hold a special place, captivating and perplexing the minds of all astronomers as they encircle it.

Cosmiel: It is impossible to witness such an unusual wonder of this sphere up close unless you are elevated higher above the globe.

With those words, I ascended to a great height and soon beheld nearly the entire circumference of the Jovian Ocean divided into what appeared to be zones, extending from east to west, nearly parallel to the plane of the ecliptic鈥攁 truly remarkable and uncommon spectacle. These zones were encompassed, as if by a coronet, by towering mountains lining the ocean's boundaries, forming a valley-like structure within the interior of the zones that extended endlessly. The composition of this valley seemed to be of a dark, incomparably fragrant substance, which, if compared to earthly materials, I would liken to the densest gray amber. This amber-like substance was crisscrossed by rivulets that streamed from both sides of the ocean, and here and there, the valley was adorned with rocks that gleamed like silver, reminiscent of the multitude of islands scattered throughout the ocean.

Theodidactus: Cosmiel, I beseech you to take upon yourself the responsibility of elucidating this marvelous natural enigma to me in its entirety.

Cosmiel: The zones you currently observe, encompassing the globe with their extensive span, are indeed the same zones and bands that once filled you with wonder during your time on Earth.

Theodidactus: Is it really possible?

Cosmiel: It is indeed so.

Theodidactus: How is it then possible, when viewing these distances from the dim light of Earth, to perceive them sometimes as straight, sometimes as curved, and occasionally at oblique angles?

Cosmiel: Since the entire globe comprises a mixture of exceedingly bright materials, as evident to your eyes, and the most brilliant waters, it is not surprising that these zones, which lack the radiance of the underlying material of the globe, appear dusky and tawny when observed from Earth. They are essentially specific areas shaped like bands, extending continuously in a curved manner around the globe's surface. Due to their composition, they possess a lesser receptivity to light, causing less intense radiant light vibrations to reach us.

As for why these zones occasionally appear straight or curved, it is contingent on the globe's composition and the poles around which it revolves. By tilting toward the North or South at different times, the globe presents them to our view either as straight or curved, a phenomenon you may be familiar with from the field of optics. When the globe's axis aligns with the equator, these zones appear straight in the meridian because they are not positioned over Jupiter's horizon. However, when the globe's axis later inclines at an angle, shifting in either direction, they are inevitably perceived as curved.

Theodidactus: You have indeed explained the cause of Jupiter's bands so clearly that no room for doubt remains. But please, could you explain this one thing to me? Since I see these bands adorned with so many lakes and rivers, why aren't these seen from Earth, as they are very bright?

Cosmiel: This is because, in comparison to Earth, these lakes and rivers appear as indivisible points, and they are beyond the capability of human vision to discern.

Theodidactus: But for what purpose did Nature arrange these zones so elegantly?

Cosmiel: You should be aware, Theodidactus, that these zones serve as the nurturing grounds for Jupiter's virtues. It is as though, emanating from a primal source, both the Jovian Ocean and the latent seeds of virtue draw themselves through this designated gateway and disseminate into the lower realm.

Theodidactus: Please tell me, do these zones encompass the entire surface of the globe?

Cosmiel: Indeed, these bands do encircle it, although in certain areas, they are disrupted by the expanse of the Jovian Ocean, while in others, they link up with Jupiter's landmasses, creating such extensive gaps that observers on Earth have occasionally mistaken them for spots. However, such details are imperceptible due to the immense distance from Earth.

Theodidactus: I inquire about the purpose of those vast clouds that I observe, which not only obscure the sky but also cast a significant shadow upon the globe.

Cosmiel: Indeed, they are vapors exhaled by this globe, which condense within the atmosphere and extend into the expansive void. These vaporous formations grow to such proportions that you, along with other astute observers, have occasionally mistaken them for obscured stars.

Theodidactus: However, I have a question, my dear Cosmiel. Given the temperate and benevolent atmosphere I am currently experiencing on this globe, why did divine Wisdom create it devoid of human inhabitants?

Cosmiel: It may indeed appear to you that this globe possesses an extraordinary climate, which I have already explained to you, and it is well-equipped to protect against the exhalations of various celestial spheres. However, it's essential to understand that, were I to depart, you would be unable to sustain life here, even for a moment. Therefore, placing humans on this globe would be futile, as it does not generate the essential elements for human existence, such as breathable air. Jupiter's atmosphere is of such subtlety that it cannot support human respiration. If God had chosen to populate this globe with humans, they would have needed to possess an entirely different nature, and the entire globe would have had to be adapted to produce the necessary sustenance for their survival. Such a scenario would contradict the natural order, and hence, this globe, like the others, was created for the purposes I previously mentioned.

Theodidactus: Could it not be contended that in places where the four elements coexist, there must inevitably be some creatures that originate from them, such as insects and those that can spontaneously emerge from the realm of vegetation? My observations suggest this, given the presence of the four elements.

Cosmiel: The main proposition is false; indeed, in this globe there are four elements, not belonging to earthly bodies, but unique to this globe, differing greatly from others in their properties and diversity of forms; and therefore, they only produce what is most suitable for this globe, not at all similar to those that arise from the mixtures of earthly elements; hence, do not seek here for harmful things, neither spontaneously arising from the nature of vegetation, nor any of those effects that are observed in the earthly world.

Theodidactus: However, if divine power were to place male and female beings on this globe, would they not be capable of reproducing according to their respective kinds?

Cosmiel: Your simplicity astounds me, Theodidactus. Can you not perceive that the prerequisites for such matters are absent on this globe? Where is the sustenance provided for their survival? Where is the appropriate atmosphere for breathing? Where are the other essential provisions required for human existence? Since none of the fundamental elements necessary for the propagation of the human race are present here, the placement of humans on this globe would be futile, just as it would be for animals and plants.

Theodidactus: Please pardon my simplicity, but I would appreciate another doubt being addressed: if the seeds of terrestrial life were transported here, would they not give rise to beings somewhat resembling those found on Earth when sown in Jupiter's soil?

Cosmiel: I have already elucidated this to you on numerous occasions, and as I previously stated, since the seeds of the earthly realm possess an inherent inclination solely toward their native globe and could not be naturally attracted to any other world, they would be incapable of generating anything here. They would either revert to their native sphere or undergo a transformation into the material suitable for Jupiter's globe.

Theodidactus: You have aptly and sagaciously dispelled all my uncertainties, and I am no longer confounded by the inquiries I posed in my eager quest for knowledge. However, my dear Cosmiel, what does it signify when a sudden alteration in appearance draws near us?

Cosmiel: Why do you find this surprising? Can you not perceive that all of Jupiter's celestial bodies are currently located beneath the horizon? Simply be patient for a while, and you will soon witness the remarkable cycle of light and day on this globe.

And lo, after some time had passed, the first of Jupiter's celestial bodies made its appearance, casting a light on the Jovian horizon no more radiant than the Sun's illumination on Earth's horizon during twilight, despite its apparent size being twice that of the Moon or the Sun. Shortly thereafter, the second celestial body emerged, intensifying the luminance to an extent that nearly matched the Sun's brilliance as it rises just above the Earth's horizon at sunrise. Next, the third largest celestial body revealed itself, its noonday radiance rivaling the combined brilliance of its predecessors. Finally, the fourth celestial body followed suit, surpassing even the midday luminosity of the Sun. I was nearly rendered motionless by astonishment as I beheld the spectacle of a sky graced by four heavenly bodies, each appearing twice as large as our Sun.

Theodidactus: Oh, my dear Cosmiel, I have never before encountered or witnessed a phenomenon of this nature! I observe the entire natural order completely upended with such a profusion of celestial bodies! However, who will ascertain for us the divisions of time, the days, months, and years on this globe?

Cosmiel: Take heart, for I shall elucidate all the enigmas of this globe for you. As mentioned earlier, the Jupiterian globes revolve around their own axes in a specific and predetermined period. Given that Jupiter completes one rotation around its axis in roughly 11 Earth days, equivalent to 284 Earth hours, a day on Jupiter spans 284 Earth hours or 11 Earth days plus an additional 20 Earth hours. This is the authentic and natural duration of a Jupiterian day. Consequently, if you were to count 4550 of these Jupiterian days, corresponding to one full orbit of Jupiter in its orbital path, you would discover that within these 365 times, you precisely encounter Earth days. Therefore, within a single comprehensive revolution of Jupiter in its orbit, it will seem to complete rotations on its own axis as many times as the Sun completes its rotations throughout the course of a year, or as many times as Earth ascends during its annual journey. However, there is a distinction: the 365 Earth days that the Sun requires for its annual journey are equivalent to 4550 Jupiterian days, which Jupiter completes during its extensive and eccentric orbit following the alignment of the constellations in comparison to the Sun.

Theodidactus: I comprehend this concept thoroughly, but I would appreciate your instruction on how those four solar bodies that I am observing contribute to the extraordinary alternation of illumination across the entire expanse of Jupiter's globe.

Cosmiel: First and foremost, it's crucial to understand that the closest of these four globes to Jupiter's surface is positioned at a distance equivalent to merely three times the diameter of Jupiter itself. This amounts to approximately 20,838 hours of light-travel distance or roughly 549 Earth leagues. If you were to embark on a straight-line journey, you would reach this first globe. However, if you were to traverse 549 leagues within this globe, you would cover a distance equal to its diameter, marking the diameter of the nearest Jupiterian globe. The second globe is situated at a distance from Jupiter's center equivalent to approximately 27,784 hours of light-travel distance, and its diameter spans about 822 leagues. As for the third globe, it is positioned at a distance from Jupiter's center equating to six Jupiterian diameters, which amounts to roughly 41,676 hours of light-travel distance. Should you journey 1,185 leagues within this third globe, you would have traversed its entire diameter. The outermost companion of Jupiter, the fourth globe, encompasses a space equivalent to ten Jupiterian diameters, measuring approximately 69,460 hours of light-travel distance from Jupiter's center. Traveling 1,736 leagues in a straight line within this fourth globe would cover the same distance as the entire length of its diameter. From these distances, you can deduce that the first globe is positioned roughly 6,946 leagues away from the second, the second is approximately 13,892 leagues distant from the third, and the third is situated at a distance of around 27,784 leagues from the fourth. Based on these measurements, you can infer that the first globe is the smallest among all four, featuring a solidity and thickness akin to that of our Moon, despite its apparent diameter appearing roughly twice the size of our Moon when viewed and compared from Earth's perspective. The second globe can be readily likened in size to Mercury, without yielding to it in mass. The third globe is comparable to Venus in mass but not inferior to it, while the fourth globe is only slightly larger than our Earth.

Theodidactus: But why do they give the impression of being of such vast dimensions? In my observations from Earth, I have noticed that they appear significantly larger than both the Sun and the Moon, radiating with extraordinary brilliance.

Cosmiel: It appears that your studies in Astronomy and Optics have been somewhat distant in the past. Were you aware that objects tend to appear larger when they are closer to the observer and smaller when they are farther away? In this context, considering that these four globes are much closer to Jupiter than the Sun and the Moon are to Earth, it's not surprising that you perceive these globes as having a larger visual angle compared to the Sun and the Moon. To illustrate further, when you are situated within the first globe, your perspective will render the second globe as more than three times larger than when viewed from Jupiter's globe. A similar progression will continue as you move through these globes, as I will demonstrate to you in due course.

Theodidactus: One aspect that truly captivates my attention about these globes is the way they appear in different phases, resembling the phases of the Moon to some extent. I wouldn't claim that they are exactly like the Moon, as there is no dark portion in their phases, but I do notice variations in brightness as they shift from full to crescent to gibbous. I'm quite curious to understand the reason behind this phenomenon. Could you please provide an explanation?

Cosmiel: I mentioned this to you previously: all these globes emit their own light, albeit not as intensely as the Sun. Therefore, when the Sun's intense rays fall upon their surfaces, it naturally results in a significant increase in brightness due to the blending of the Sun's light with their intrinsic light. This combined light is what you perceive, with the variation in brightness forming the different phases. Furthermore, because sunlight cannot penetrate to the far side of the globes, even though they emit their own light on the near side, it cannot match the brightness of the exposed portion. As a result, we witness the various crescent and gibbous phases on these spherical bodies, much like the phases of the Moon.

Theodidactus: Why do I observe the upper globes being illuminated more than the lower ones?

Cosmiel: The reason behind this phenomenon lies in the specific positions of the Sun and the globes within their orbits. The upper globes receive an amplified amount of light, not only from the Sun but also from the lower globes due to their reflective properties. This additional light contributes to the heightened brightness of the upper globes. As a result, some observers have mistakenly perceived them as twin Suns or Moons, a misconception that briefly influenced you as well. Now, let me elucidate the effects of these globes on Jupiter's own globe. Jupiter completes a rotation on its axis in 1834 Earth hours, covering a distance of 77 leagues in a single Earth hour. Consequently, these globes continually revolve around Jupiter, gradually illuminating it in various ways. The first globe, which is closer to Jupiter, completes its orbit in 1844 leagues due to its own revolution. Its light grazes and traverses the surface of Jupiter's largest circle, covering a span of 24 Earth hours or 1,204 Earth leagues of light-travel distance. Conversely, as Jupiter completes its revolution around the first globe in 1,844 leagues due to its own motion, the light of the first globe must illuminate and traverse Jupiter's globe at twice the typical speed of the Sun's light. The Supreme Creator, God Almighty, has orchestrated the motions of these two globes in a delightful and continuous alternation. The light of the first globe, about to be swiftly taken by the Sun, is soon replaced by the light of the second, followed by the third and fourth globes. Consequently, Jupiterian days and nights are defined less by time duration and more by the intensity of light. Multiple bright Jupiterian globes rising simultaneously naturally provide more illumination to the same area. Moreover, there are periods lasting more than two Earth days, or roughly 24 Earth hours, in certain parts of Jupiter that can be likened to "night." This occurs when all the globes are in conjunction, typically in regions of Jupiter where these conjunctions happen diametrically or nearly opposite to each other. Additionally, remarkable eclipses among the Jupiterian globes occur more frequently than lunar eclipses, although they are short-lived. And from all these things, it clearly appears why Jupiter, this immense globe, when it could not be adequately illuminated by the Sun, has associated with it these certain vicarious Suns, that is, globes of solar nature, which, as if attending to Jupiter with some scattered vigils, would moderate him with a remarkable alternation of light, which is most consistent with the prescribed limits of his nature. For with this vehement light of the four globes, besides the fact that the globe of Jupiter is almost always illuminated with the most intense light, it is also necessary for the heat and fervor to be maximum and most vehement, so that in this way the specific virtues elicited from the center of such a globe to its circumference may be primarily diffused into the surrounding globes of the world, especially the earth, according to the specific need of each.

Barely able to grasp these profound and weighty words, I was suddenly greeted with an astonishing and extraordinary sight emerging from a recess within one of the most brilliantly illuminated mountains. It resembled a meticulously organized army camp, possessing a radiant quality akin to silver. It exuded an aura of majestic grandeur and was imbued with an exceptional benevolence, accompanied by an astonishing breadth of wisdom. This wondrous apparition emitted an incredibly sweet fragrance, and its entire form was adorned with a regal mantle adorned with exquisite fringes that swayed gently in the breeze. In its right hand, it held a sword adorned with precious gemstones, while the left hand grasped a multitude of censers, releasing fragrant smoke into the air.

Theodidactus: Oh, my Cosmiel, what does that delightful appearance of beings signify?

Cosmiel: These are intelligences tasked with the responsibility of guiding and governing this globe in accordance with the ideal concepts envisioned by the Divine Craftsman. They are also responsible for implementing the inherent virtues and transformations of the world for the betterment of all. Their attire serves as a fitting symbol for these profound duties.

He had scarcely concluded his speech when, lo and behold, a blessed assembly ascended into the air. In the meantime, I left the globe and was swiftly carried away in a rapid whirl, eventually finding myself situated on Jupiter's first moon. From there, I gazed upon the distinctive moon more closely before progressing to the second, then the third, and finally, the fourth moon. To my observation, they all exhibited a similar structural pattern characterized by the typical irregularities of mountains and valleys. They were constructed with a luminous substance akin to solar light. The primary distinction lay in the fact that, in terms of heat and their intrinsic luminosity, they fell far short of the intensity of solar heat and light by many parasangs. From the first globe I encountered, I beheld Jupiter stretched out as an enormous, brilliantly illuminated expanse, spanning approximately three Jupiter diameters. It appeared as a meticulously organized region with seas and mountain ranges arranged in distinct bands, a spectacle that left me utterly astounded. My amazement reached new heights when all traces of darkness were banished, every trace of atmospheric obscurity dissipated, and I found myself amidst an expansive, brilliantly illuminated realm consisting of colossal globes. The surrounding ether flowed with extraordinary swiftness, creating immense currents, a phenomenon resulting from the intense and perpetual revolutions of the nearby globes. With the exception of the Sun and Mars, none of the inferior globes could compare, given their vast distances and the magnitude of their diffused light. Their radiance surpassed that of all other celestial bodies, perpetually enshrouding them in darkness.

Theodidactus: Oh Cosmiel, I now perceive the veracity of that statement from Ecclesiasticus, "The wonderful works of the Most High, and His glorious and hidden things, are to be esteemed." However, I implore you to enlighten me. Why did the benevolent Creator, whose essence is goodness, opt to shroud countless marvels from human comprehension over countless centuries? And what ultimate advantages do these concealed secrets of Nature bestow upon us?

Cosmiel: You should be aware, my dear, that within the Laws of Nature lie numerous moral lessons, and they continually bestow their most potent effects and virtues upon the beings of our sublunar world. Just as nothing within the natural order is created in vain, the ignorance of mortals cannot negate the virtues and influences of existence. Let me pose a question to you: What is the purpose of the multitude of tiny veins in your body? Why do you have such a complex structure of cartilages and minute bones? What function do the numerous rows of globules in your kidneys serve? While you may not possess knowledge of the specific and individual effects of these components, you would undoubtedly acknowledge their virtues and contributions to your overall well-being in some manner. Imagine if even one of these minuscule veins, cartilages, or globules were removed from you 鈥� wouldn't you immediately sense a disruption in the harmony of your entire body? How swiftly would you declare the balance to be compromised? Similarly, if even a solitary star were to be plucked from the heavens by divine power, wouldn't you believe that the entire world could be cast into disarray?

Theodidactus: Indeed, I wholeheartedly agree, and, in fact, the frequent occurrence of even a solitary eclipse of the Sun or Moon disturbs the conditions here on Earth.

Cosmiel: I shall set aside further discussion on this topic for now; therefore, let us delve into more profound matters.

CHAPTER VIII

A Journey to the Globe of Saturn.

Theodidactus: For four decades, the intellects of Philosophers have grappled with the enigma of the newly discovered phenomena surrounding Saturn's sphere. They remain uncertain as to whether it constitutes a singular entity or comprises multiple bodies, all exhibiting remarkable variations and uninterrupted revolutions around Saturn. Hence, my longstanding aspiration has been to unravel this profound natural mystery. I earnestly beseech you once more to illuminate this matter on this timely occasion.

Cosmiel: My dear Theodidactus, I have always been more than willing to satisfy your admirable curiosity, and I will indeed fulfill your wishes without omission. However, I must caution you not to complain, for you are on the brink of entering an exceedingly perilous realm, where you may encounter challenges even greater than those experienced on the Martian sphere. Summon your inner strength and be prepared to endure whatever may come your way. Rest assured, you are under the protection of the one to whom the keys of the world are entrusted, possessing the authority to dispense, modify, obliterate, preserve, and govern the laws of the entire universe鈥攁 power bestowed by the Supreme Creator. Now, let us proceed.

He had scarcely concluded his speech when, abruptly, I found myself propelled with great force into the boundless expanse of the ethereal realm. There, I beheld Saturn's sphere growing in both size and substance. After a time, we penetrated the atmosphere of this globe, aided by the favorable eastern winds.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, what is this dense fog that surrounds us? My breath is labored, and melancholy grips my soul. A noxious odor assails my senses, and the intense cold chills me to the bone. I am experiencing unmistakable symptoms of impending lethargy. Already, I regret embarking on this journey to explore this globe.

Cosmiel: Did I not previously caution you about the impending perils? Did I not counsel you to withhold your complaints? You must now endure these hardships as a moderate retribution for your lack of faith.

Theodidactus: Oh, gentle guide of my soul, have mercy on my timid spirit, and pardon the fragility of my feeble mind. For I am entirely reliant upon you, much like clay in the hands of a skilled potter. With a devoted heart, I acknowledge my inability to survive in these distant and inaccessible reaches of the world without your grace and protection. Therefore, I implore you, my dear Cosmiel, to lead me and extend your hand to me, for it is by your power and might that I exist.

Cosmiel: Have faith, my son, for I shall fulfill your request and remain steadfastly by your side.

Upon being infused with a miraculous celestial balm, I experienced an immediate improvement in my breathing. The melancholic humor dissipated, and I regained my inner serenity, returning to my former state of calm.

Theodidactus: Yet I must inquire, what was the cause of the profound melancholy that overwhelmed me in this location? Why did it appear as if my breath was abruptly cut short, and my spirit and body began to falter?

Cosmiel: Do not be astonished; you were positioned within the perilous confines of Saturn's atmosphere, which has the tendency to afflict everything with symptoms akin to the ones you experienced, as you will soon witness.

Theodidactus: Am I truly witnessing this, or is some illusion playing tricks on my eyes?

Cosmiel: What are you surprised about?

Theodidactus: What does this peculiar and unfamiliar sight signify? What is the meaning of this monstrous spectacle? What kind of unheard-of marvel is this?

Cosmiel: Do not harbor doubt, my son, for what you perceive is the truth; this is indeed the renowned globe of Saturn.

Theodidactus: Are you suggesting that this is a globe? I see nothing resembling a globe; instead, it appears more like a distorted rhombus, with vast unevenness and jutting crags on all sides. Furthermore, it is bathed in such a leaden light that it is clear the body cannot be in good health, displaying numerous signs of ailment on its grim countenance.

Cosmiel: Do not consider that condition as such a dire affliction, for it has been ordained for the greater good of the universe by the great providence of Nature. Indeed, even in its inferior state, it serves purposes not to be scorned. But we will discuss these matters in more detail shortly. 

Theodidactus: Alas, Cosmiel, I am apprehensive that a potent enchantment is somehow deceiving my senses. The figure I was recently observing as a rhombus now seems to have transformed into three spherical entities.

Cosmiel: You are not being deceived by me; it is your own imagination that is influencing your perception. What you once viewed as interconnected, you now perceive as distinct, resulting in the appearance of three separate spherical bodies. The central one is, in fact, Saturn's globe, while the two flanking it are Saturn's companions.

Theodidactus: Let us, I implore you, hasten on our journey so that we may closely inspect the marvels of Nature. I had barely uttered these words when, suddenly and almost instantaneously, I found myself within Saturn's sphere. The location of my descent was the peak of an inaccessible mountain of considerable altitude.

Cosmiel: Now, at long last, cast your gaze around and delve into the astonishing wonders of this formidable sphere, untainted by human touch since the dawn of creation.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, you indeed referred to it as a dreadful sphere! How can I possibly find the appropriate words to adequately convey the appearance of such a perplexing disarray? I can recall nothing resembling it among the spheres I've previously observed. I behold an immense tumult in which nothing is arranged, harmonious, or pleasing; instead, everything appears entangled in some inherent contradiction, as if this were a domain of turmoil and disharmony.

The earthly element of this sphere, or rather its composition, bore a resemblance to lead, or perhaps it would be more accurate to liken it to antimony. In various areas, it exhibited characteristics akin to magnesia or marcasite, which Alchemists refer to as bismuth. The aqueous component, encompassed by a vast ocean, was entirely filled with a substance resembling mercury. When subjected to heat, whether by subterranean fires or the influence of neighboring spheres, this substance emitted towering columns of smoke. Furthermore, the terrestrial material continually released mercury, creating a floor of lead. As a result, such a profusion of noxious vapors and exhalations ascended that I found it scarcely conceivable for a human to endure in this environment, even for the briefest span. Here, daylight was absent, and everything lay shrouded in an unrelenting darkness.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, who would believe me when I attempt to recount the horrors of this sphere? Who could ever be convinced that these are real, things I have witnessed with a certainty surpassing the truth itself, through the vivid testimony of my own eyes? I am left pondering what the intentions of Nature might be in fashioning such a globe of chaos, marked by such a blend of contradictory elements.

Cosmiel: My son, I have no doubt that to you, this sphere appears as a realm of confusion. However, you are mistaken, for everything has been orchestrated with the utmost providence and placed within well-defined boundaries within the natural order. If you contemplate why Nature allows for the existence of numerous harmful creatures, insects, reptiles in the animal kingdom, why within the plant kingdom there are species like aconite, hellebore, scabiosa, and thorn; why the terrestrial world houses so many volcanic eruptions, treacherous bodies of water and springs; why among metallic substances there are various noxious vapors and highly pestilential exhalations; why human beings are sometimes born with abnormalities and why there are such diverse forms of diseases; why it permits the wicked to coexist with the just鈥攖hen, perhaps, you might begin to unravel the mysteries of this sphere.

Theodidactus: Cosmiel, who possesses knowledge of all things, I implore you to elucidate this concealed mystery of Nature to me.

Cosmiel: The subject you are inquiring about cannot be succinctly summarized, as it is intricate, subtle, and relatively poorly understood. Thus, I shall embark on a deeper exploration of it. Consider that the human mind tends to believe that there cannot be anything resembling the things it is accustomed to in the brighter world globes. People find it absurd that these globes, saturated with a mixture of elementary qualities, marked by rugged mountains and valleys, subject to fumes and noxious vapors, and filled with effects characteristic of the Earth, could exist. If they were to scrutinize the nature of things more profoundly and meticulously examine each element through experiments, they would surely come to understand that the ancient aphorism of the philosophers, "Everything is in everything, and nothing is truer," is not a mere jest or fable. Suppose we accept that in the terrestrial globe, an innumerable variety of things in Nature, greatly differing in properties, are contained within. In that case, we should not doubt that celestial bodies, despite being significantly altered by their positions and locations within the world, also encompass a similar variety. Just as the sacred texts affirm that all bodies within the Natural World originated from the same chaos, that is, from a blend of the four elements, it is undeniable that celestial bodies, like terrestrial ones, contain a similar diversity. Consider that you are not unfamiliar with the Art of Chemistry, which, in a remarkable manner, dissolves each substance into its individual elements. It should be evident that celestial bodies differ only in that they exhibit various properties due to their diverse positions and locations within the world. If, as the Peripatetics argue, everything in the lower world exists solely due to the light and motion of the stars, then what else do they provide beyond what a chandelier does when illuminated with multiple lamps? Indeed, besides the simple light it emits, it does not influence surrounding objects with any other quality. However, when combined with substances imbued with remarkable virtues, the effects are significantly amplified, both through the efficacy of the substance's virtue and the contributions of light and heat, resulting in exceptionally brilliant effects on the surrounding objects. The same principle applies to celestial bodies. Since, as Peripatetics maintain, the variety of effects in the lower world depends on the upper celestial spheres, it is evident that celestial bodies cannot provide what they do not possess. Therefore, if they achieve everything solely through light and motion, the existence of so many stars in the universe would seem superfluous. Since the Sun and the Moon could have compensated for the absence of other stars with their sufficient light in relation to the Earth, it is clear that Nature had a more significant plan for creating the bodies of the world. It required a more elaborate apparatus than what common Philosophers may envision. In the Microcosm, the seven principal organs, possessing various qualities and properties, work together harmoniously to enable humans to live healthily and perform their functions correctly. These organs are established with such symmetry: the brain, rich in moisture, serves as the workshop of fluids, ensuring smooth operation through apt distribution; the heart provides vital heat, which is distributed to other organs like an office; the liver, through its industry, contributes to the production and distribution of blood; the stomach prepares material through proper digestion, which is then distributed to other vital organs; the lungs regulate the heart's heat through continuous diffusion, serving as the true workshop of vital air; the kidneys, functioning as a sieve, separate the pure from the impure, and the spleen, preventing impurities from mixing with the pure, acts like a hidden sewer of the Microcosm, drawing in waste and discharging it through the sinuous folds and outlets of the intestines. You can observe, Theodidactus, how the diverse members of the Microcosm, despite their dissimilar composition and occasionally opposing qualities, collaborate in a marvelous unity to form a miniature representation of the greater world within the human body. Should even one of these organs fail, the entire Microcosm would inevitably collapse. This principle applies similarly to the Macrocosm, or the larger world. In this context, the Earth corresponds to the stomach, the Moon to the brain, the Sun, as the source of life, to the heart, Venus to the kidneys and other external organs, Mercury to the lungs, Mars to the gallbladder, Jupiter to the liver, and Saturn to the spleen, revealing a profound analogy. If one of these were removed, it would lead to confusion and, ultimately, destruction throughout the entire universe. I may have delved into greater detail than necessary, so let us now return to the subject of the Saturnine globe. You may have been astonished by the extreme coarseness of this sphere, but if you fully comprehend the principles mentioned above, your amazement will cease. Just as in the Microcosm, where the spleen fulfills a specific role, in the larger world or Macrocosm, this Saturnine globe assumes the function of a truly celestial organ. All that exists within the immense expanse of ethereal air, arising from the continuous emanations of celestial bodies and contrary to malignancy, is drawn toward this globe through its inherent virtue. Consequently, through the globe's distinctive action, it is transformed into necessary elements, without the intervention of the Supreme Creator of all things, the Sun.

Theodidactus: Your reasoning captivates me in a remarkable manner, but I am eager to understand how this globe influences the lower realms and what utility it bestows upon them. I am struggling to perceive how the profound torpidity of this sphere could be advantageous or how it can aid the lower realms.

Cosmiel: I cannot deny that this globe possesses a malevolent nature, particularly when it associates with malevolent companions. If left to its own devices, it would bring excessive coldness and dryness to everything. However, Nature wisely provides for both advantages and drawbacks. Under the benign and authoritative dominion and vigilant supervision of its neighbor Jupiter, Saturn's destructive potential is mitigated, broken, and restrained, eventually leading to a more favorable outcome. Yet, as soon as it aligns with Mars, the architect of malevolence, it reverts to its inherent nature and seeks to cause harm in every possible way until the alliance is dissolved, retreating to the distant recesses of its orbit. There, it remains under the watchful gaze of Jupiter's vigilant oversight.

Theodidactus: I comprehend your explanation to a certain degree, but I have yet to fully grasp how its malevolence contributes to the world's utility. Therefore, I earnestly implore you to provide further clarification.

Cosmiel: Allow me to elucidate the matter through a simple experiment. Picture a globe crafted from lead, antimony, and mercury, blended with the extracts of poisonous plants like stramonium, napellus, aconite, hellebore, and mandrake. If you were to place this globe above a fire or burning coals within a confined space, it would quickly absorb the heat from the fire and activate the latent mixture of noxious qualities within it. This activation would release vapors, emanating toxic fumes that would stupefy and induce lethargy in those exposed to them. With its excessive coldness and dryness, this globe would extinguish the inherent moisture within, leading to conditions like angina, paralysis, nerve convulsions, and eventually, death. This grim outcome would inevitably occur unless prompt antidotes were administered to counteract these malevolent effects, nourish the heart, and invigorate the spirits. The Saturnine globe operates on a similar principle. Its composition bears resemblances to materials like lead and antimony, with its sluggish seas, lakes, and rivers resembling the properties of mercury. Moreover, it exudes a noxious liquid that shares some characteristics with mercury. The telltale signs of its concealed poisonous nature lie in the harmful fumes it emits. Left unchecked, these malevolent qualities would afflict everything beneath it, ultimately consuming all in their path. However, this catastrophic scenario is averted thanks to the salutary influence of Jupiter, the vital warmth of the Sun, and the moisture and light of the Moon, which temper and mitigate its destructive tendencies. In milder instances, the Saturnine globe confers a benefit upon the lower realms akin to purgative medicines ingested by the human body. Much like these medicines, which employ a magnetic force to expel harmful humors from the body by drawing them from the center to the periphery, the Saturnine globe exerts its unique power on subjects within the triadic order of beings. It draws impurities and noxious substances from the aetherial world into itself, as previously mentioned. Bodies on Earth influenced by this Saturnine nature, which have acquired harmful qualities through this influence, possess a natural propensity to attract these qualities, liberating other entities from their pernicious effects. Creatures such as bats, toads, spiders, mice, and other similar beings act as Saturnine animals, dispersing noxious night air throughout the environment by collecting and absorbing it into their bodies. Likewise, serpents, toads, and specific flying insects such as flies, caterpillars, and larvae, which possess Saturnine properties, perform this vital function. Without these intermediary beings, the Natural World would remain vulnerable to the detrimental influence of this globe.

Theodidactus: You have consistently stressed the malevolent aspect of this globe's influence, and I am now content with your explanations. However, what has always intrigued me is understanding the advantages that this globe bestows upon the worldly Republic. Please elucidate this aspect once more and in greater detail.

Cosmiel: As I previously mentioned, it's important to note that this globe's influence is not consistently malevolent. Depending on its position and circumstances, it should not be dismissed as devoid of benefits. When other celestial bodies generate excessive heat on Earth, this globe counteracts it with its coldness. In times of heavy rainfall and flooding, Saturn rescues the Earth from such disasters with its dryness, eliminating excess and harmful elements, whether they be cold or wet in nature. Saturn has a calming effect on volatile spirits within human bodies, making them more suitable for intellectual pursuits due to its dry and cold qualities. During illnesses, it directs Saturnine humidity to the relevant body part and, through periodic fevers, helps eliminate excessive humors from the body. Furthermore, it moderates excessive heat from the Sun and restrains excessive moisture from the Moon. In summary, it serves to reduce and regulate the excesses present in celestial bodies. Just as medicines cannot restore health without the action of their inherent qualities, which may sometimes produce unpleasant side effects like odor, intestinal irritation, or nausea, they still serve a vital purpose in achieving the desired healing effect. Similarly, in the earthly world, burdened with imbalanced humors, the intervention of qualities found in certain celestial globes, such as Mars and Saturn, is necessary. These globes act as a form of alexiteric medicine and antidote against the maladies of the world. It's essential to understand that not all remedies have a pleasant taste or bring immediate comfort. Even poisons can be sources of remedies for restoring health. Therefore, the explanation provided thus far underscores that the exhalations from this seemingly harmful Saturnine globe do not lead to total destruction. Instead, they have the potential to become the most beneficial medicine for the world.

Theodidactus: I have received your explanation, and indeed, I cannot help but marvel at your skill in unraveling such a profound mystery of Nature. Now, the light of midday shines brighter for me, revealing how the interconnectedness of all things could be highly advantageous in unraveling the mysteries of this world. However, let us continue our exploration. I am eager to hear more about those two fiery mountains that oppose each other around Saturn, which I currently contemplate with the utmost admiration.

Cosmiel: They are the renowned companions of Saturn, which you have observed numerous times from Earth through an optical telescope.

Theodidactus: Is it truly possible that they are situated so far from their own sphere, when I have only seen them from Earth as marginally separated or sometimes entirely concealed, leaving only Saturn's solitary globe visible? Now, they are clearly in view, appearing to have merged with Saturn's body in a parabolic formation. Please provide me with an explanation for all of this.

Cosmiel: First, Theodidactus, you should be aware that this entire phenomenon occurs due to the changing position of Saturn in its periodic orbit as observed from various vantage points on Earth. When you observe it directly opposite, each of these companions will naturally appear separated from Jupiter's globe. However, as they assume a more oblique position in their periodic orbit, they will appear closer in proximity and give the impression of merging with Saturn, until finally, in the most oblique position of all, they completely unite with it.  Additionally, these globes are arranged by the hidden design of Nature in such a way that, as they slowly move away from and then approach Saturn, and as they rotate around their own axes while maintaining a consistent distance from Saturn's globe, they provide illumination to the entire surface of Saturn as needed. This is the primary reason for their diverse positions and shapes as seen by inhabitants on Earth. Without this arrangement, certain areas on Saturn's globe would be condemned to perpetual darkness.

Theodidactus: Please explain to me why these globes sometimes appear round, then, after a short time, seem to be equipped with handles as if they are holding Saturn's globe, and eventually vanish, leaving only the solitary globe behind.

Cosmiel: I explained some of the causes of these appearances earlier, but now I will provide a more comprehensive explanation of the remaining phenomena. The transformation of these companions from a round shape to an oval one occurs due to the oblique positions of the stars as observed through Saturn's glassy atmosphere, which shares properties with Earth's air and possesses the ability to refract objects within it. Consequently, they undergo refraction, causing them to shift from a round to an oval shape, much like how the Sun appears oval when observed near the horizon. Furthermore, the instances when these companions appear in the form of rings or resembling the crescent shape of the Moon, or even akin to crab claws grasping Saturn's globe, can be attributed to Saturn's uniformly spherical body intercepting these celestial bodies and creating the specific visual effects you observe.

Theodidactus: You provide a clear explanation for everything, but there's one aspect that puzzles me: what does the dark void between Saturn and the companions' horns signify?

Cosmiel: You seek profound knowledge, and I assure you that I am not withholding any information. Let me clarify this matter for you. First, it's essential to understand that Saturn's globe, like other celestial bodies, rotates on its axis. Second, when you view Saturn with your own eyes, you'll notice it surpasses all earthly globes in the ruggedness of its mountain chains and the distortion of its stretched plains. Third, Saturn is enveloped by a somewhat dense liquid resembling quicksilver, highly luminous and easily glowing even with minimal light. Conversely, the terrestrial portions, with their deep recesses and vast chasms, don't readily reflect light unless exposed. Whenever the dark regions of Saturn align with the darker sections of the companions, they naturally create a dark void or shadow in between. Meanwhile, the remaining portions of the companions, illuminated by their own radiant light, transition into the ringed and horned phases. Eventually, one of the companions, moving behind Saturn, and the other positioned opposite to it, appear to merge in a straight line with Saturn's body, vanishing from the perspective of Earth observers.

Theodidactus: Now, please elucidate why the first of these companions, when situated between Saturn and our line of sight, has not been observed to induce any eclipse of Saturn up to this point. Shouldn't its presence result in a discernible dark spot on Saturn, serving as a definitive indication of an eclipse?

Cosmiel: My dear son, consider this: when you position another source of light near an already illuminated object, does it cause any observable signs of an eclipse on the bright object located opposite to it?

Theodidactus: I don't believe so. For example, if we were to place a lit candle between a fire and my line of sight, past experience indicates that the candle's light, when combined with the light from the fire, would collectively illuminate the entire area.

Cosmiel: Indeed, this principle holds true for Saturn's two globes as well. The first of these globes, despite being positioned between our vantage point and Saturn's body, does not induce an eclipse because it possesses its own inherent luminosity, naturally illuminating Saturn's body. When a smaller luminous globe is juxtaposed with a larger illuminated one, it invariably presents itself as a single illuminated surface of the larger globe, provided that the smaller globe is not entirely opaque. If it were entirely devoid of light, it would undoubtedly manifest as a distinct dark spot on Saturn's illuminated surface. Consequently, the companions emit their own light, and thus far, no eclipses resulting from their interactions with Saturn have been observed. Therefore, one can conclude once more that the various phases of the companions are solely the outcome of their orbital motion around Saturn. At times, they appear as distinct and separate entities in a circular shape, while on other occasions, the moist translucency of the atmosphere refracts them into an oval configuration. When they are separated from Saturn's globe, they assume a horned appearance, and when positioned either in front of or behind Saturn, they vanish entirely.

Theodidactus: A lingering doubt persists in my mind concerning their ringed and horned appearances. I grasp the concept that the companion globe positioned behind Saturn, partly obscured by it, forms the horns due to optical laws. However, I find myself perplexed about the companion globe situated in front of Saturn, which remains unobscured and uninterrupted by Saturn, yet still exhibits horns. This aspect eludes my understanding.

Cosmiel: Your doubt holds significance, and to clarify it, it's essential to understand that these globes, as previously mentioned, always maintain a certain distance from one another. They emit their own light through a liquid fiery element enveloping a significant portion of these globes. However, the opaque terrestrial substance of these globes not only fails to emit light but also cannot interact with it in any way. Consequently, when these globes assume their respective orbital positions, aligning both the terrestrial and luminous elements within the view of Earth observers, they can only manifest as rings or horns due to the absence of a light source originating from their rocky substance. Conversely, when they occupy a position within their orbit where their entire illuminated section faces Earth due to their rotation around their own center, they will inevitably appear round and fully illuminated. In essence, all principles of astronomy regarding lunar phases and eclipses can be applied similarly in this context. The key distinction lies in the fact that these companions emit their own light. At the same time, the Moon simply reflects it, and these companions revolve around their own center, as previously mentioned.

Theodidactus: I have comprehended everything thoroughly, to the point where it feels as though I can practically reach out and touch the essence of this matter through my firsthand experience with optics. At this juncture, the only thing that remains is for you to elucidate how these globes cast their illumination upon Saturn.

Cosmiel: First and foremost, it's crucial to note that the size of Saturn's globe, while not surpassing, may indeed equal that of Jupiter's globe. Saturn's immense size is evident, measuring approximately 165 times larger than Earth, with a diameter extending approximately 1,262 hourly leagues. Given its vastness, the surface of Saturn cannot receive adequate illumination from the Sun, even when at its farthest point from this massive celestial body. To address this, provision has been made with the presence of two alternative Suns, resembling solar-type bodies. These two globes, acting as surrogate Suns, not only orbit around their own center but also continuously maintain an equidistant relationship as they encircle Saturn. This strategic arrangement ensures that no portion of Saturn's colossal globe remains devoid of their radiant light. However, despite the constant illumination provided by these companion globes moving in parallel orbits, the polar regions of Saturn's massive globe remain perpetually shrouded in darkness. Nature, in its wisdom, has countered this issue by bestowing Saturn's globe with a dual motion. It not only rotates around its own axis but also tilts slightly towards different parts of the world. This inclination guarantees that there is no region on Saturn's globe concealed from the light emitted by these two luminous globes. To prevent any portions of the globe from sustaining damage due to the oblique illumination from the companions, they rotate around their own axis over the course of nearly a month. Through this orchestrated rhythm, the parts in need of light, orchestrated by Nature's ingenious design, are exposed to the illumination of these radiant globes, while those already saturated with light take on the position of the former, resulting in a remarkable alternation.

Theodidactus: Please elucidate why the companion globes do not consistently provide Saturn with full illumination but, rather, alternately cast light and warmth upon different sections of the planet at various times.

Cosmiel: Indeed, this alternation is a manifestation of profound wisdom. It serves the purpose of maintaining a balance in temperature across Saturn's surface. The areas that have been excessively heated due to uninterrupted illumination are subsequently cooled to an appropriate temperature when the intensity of light is reduced. This celestial globe undergoes a cyclic pattern of increasing and decreasing illumination, akin to the alternation of day and night experienced by inhabitants of Earth.

Theodidactus: But, my dear Cosmiel, I inquire, does the Sun's illumination not also play a role in contributing some light to this celestial globe?

Cosmiel: On the contrary, this celestial globe, consisting of a certain dense liquid substance akin to quicksilver, possesses qualities similar to that of the Sun. Although it can only be perceived at an angle of three minutes, its light, when combined with material inherently capable of holding abundant light, does indeed contribute to illuminating this globe in the absence of the companions. Without this phenomenon, Saturn would undoubtedly vanish from the view of Earth observers, contradicting our observations. Moreover, I would like to emphasize that the closer and more directly these globes are observed, the more intense the illumination generated by the combined light of the Sun and the companions becomes. Furthermore, it's worth noting that other neighboring celestial bodies of Saturn, such as its moons and their respective stars, also play a significant role in enhancing the illumination of this celestial globe.

Theodidactus: Oh, your discourse truly engrosses me, for it harmonizes seamlessly with all I've learned! Now, if you would be so kind, allow me the privilege of gazing upon this celestial countenance at long last. It has been quite some time since I beheld anything beyond these companion globes: neither the Sun, nor the Moon, nor the Earth, nor any of the other planets we have encountered along our journey. I have not even glimpsed the splendor of the night sky, for the radiance of these two companions eclipses the light of all the other stars, akin to how the Sun's brilliance often conceals the luster of distant stars from our view on Earth.

Cosmiel: It shall be done.

Suddenly, I am enveloped in darkness on the opposite side of the globe.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, am I in a dream or awake? Are my eyes playing tricks on me? Are these captivating visions I behold?

Cosmiel: What do you see?

Theodidactus: I perceive the world transformed before my eyes. None of the stars I once contemplated from Earth remain, neither in their positions, magnitudes, nor their familiar order. I struggle to recognize even a single one. I'm left wondering, where is our Earth? Where is the Moon? Where is the Sun? Where have Venus and Mercury gone?

Cosmiel: Do you see that incredibly bright body surrounded by a vast halo of rays?

Theodidactus: I do see it.

Cosmiel: That is the Sun.

Theodidactus: Are you speaking in earnest, Cosmiel?

Cosmiel: I speak with seriousness, and jesting has no place in my words. I am the proclaimer of eternal truth.

Theodidactus: I believe you, my lord, and I implore you not to take offense at my inconsiderate words. There is no malice behind them. My overwhelming astonishment appears to have overwhelmed me. I feel as though I am detached from myself. However, if the Sun appears so diminutive, what must be the case for the Earth, the Moon, and the other inner planets?

Cosmiel: Do you see those four nearly nebulous stars nearby?

Theodidactus: I see them.

Cosmiel: What do you believe these are? The first one you observe is Earth; the second, appearing darker, is the Moon; the third, somewhat brighter, is Venus; and the fifth, entirely nebulous, is Mercury.

Theodidactus: Oh, my dear Cosmiel, does this signify that I am currently gazing upon Earth as nothing more than a minuscule speck? Where now resides the grandeur of earthly aspirations? What has become of the majestic domains of kings? Where lies the splendor of regions, cities, and palaces? What has befallen the strength and valor of nations and their armies? Where are the joys and delights of humankind? Have they all condensed into a single point?

Cosmiel: Indeed they have.

Theodidactus: O sons of men, why do you embrace vanity and seek falsehoods? Where does your hope now reside? Where are the grand ideas that fill your minds? What purpose does your toil serve? Verily, all labor upon the Earth amounts to no more than a mere point; everything culminates in a point; everything is but a fleeting nothingness. O kings and rulers! Where have your triumphs gone? Where is the vaunting of wealth? For the sake of an imperceptible point on Earth, why are so many armies raised, and why does so much human blood flow in bloody battles and calamities? All revolves around a point, originates from a point, and exists for the sake of a point. As I gaze upon the heavens, I can genuinely declare: How inconsequential the Earth appears to me now! In this moment, all the aspirations fervently pursued by mortals lose their worth. I regard all earthly dignities, riches, quests for honor, and illustrious fame as mere trivialities. But let this outpouring of my thoughts, born of some inexplicable ecstasy of the mind, suffice. Please, dear Cosmiel, continue. Continue to unveil the remaining mysteries of the world to me, for nothing kindles my heart with divine love as profoundly as contemplating the Creator of such boundless goodness and wisdom through the magnificence of His creations. This is my sustenance, my joy, my core.

Cosmiel: I rejoice that your desires have been partially fulfilled, although you have merely glimpsed a minute fraction of the unparalleled goodness and wisdom of the Supreme God. It can be said that you have savored a fraction of the Creator's vast delights. Hence, let us delve into somewhat grander matters. Do you perceive those two stars, one crimson and resembling blood, and the other emanating a majestic brilliance?

Theodidactus: I see them.

Cosmiel: The former is Mars, while the latter is Jupiter's sphere, which we have previously examined.

Theodidactus: I see, and Jupiter appears significantly larger than the Sun. However, I must inquire, what does it signify that I observe the Sun, seemingly stationary, alongside the other celestial bodies we have mentioned, such as Earth, the Moon, Venus, and Mercury?

Cosmiel: They should not be regarded as entirely motionless but rather traverse an extremely gradual and tightly constrained orbit around the stationary Earth. Their apparent immobility is a result of their substantial distance from this celestial globe, which is approximately 99,304 semi-diameters of Earth. At such a distance, the Sun's orbit, along with its attendant bodies, is so condensed that it exhibits minimal discernible signs of movement from our perspective.

Theodidactus: Indeed, when we on Earth observe Jupiter with its four moons, it may lead one to believe that the Sun, along with the four celestial bodies of Earth, the Moon, Venus, and Mercury, is perceived in a similar fashion from this celestial globe. However, my dear Cosmiel, I must inquire about those exceedingly luminous bodies, surpassing both Venus and Jupiter in size, that have come into view. The altered positions of the stars have rendered them unrecognizable to me.

Cosmiel: The brilliantly radiant objects you are observing belong to the first magnitude. Among them are Sirius, Lyra, Aldebaran, the brilliant stars of Hydra, and several others. I will provide you with more details about them at a later time.

Theodidactus: But what about that boundless multitude of stars that I discern, of which I could not perceive even a fraction from Earth? What are they?

Cosmiel: That multitude constitutes the expanse of the firmament referred to as the "Milky Way" by the Greeks.

Theodidactus: Now I genuinely perceive the fulfillment of that sacred text: "Look up and count the stars if you can." Oh, the futile endeavors of Astronomers! Oh, how meager is humanity's comprehension of God's creations! How limited is our understanding of the treasures concealed within the vast repositories of the Creator of the universe! This life profoundly wearies me until I can lay my eyes upon Him in whom all things find unity, and who guides all things in the universe with ineffable providence.

Cosmiel: You are being swept away, Theodidactus. In a short while, you will find yourself even more astounded by the divine creations.

Theodidactus: If you have affection for me, Cosmiel, there is one more thing I wish to be revealed to me.

Cosmiel: Speak, and it shall be done.

Theodidactus: Who are the governors of this globe, and what is their role?

Cosmiel: Gaze upon the vast expanse of desolate mountains and valleys that stretch far and wide. Behold, a group of men approaches us with a slow and deliberate pace, so sluggish that it appears even a tortoise could outpace them. Their countenances are solemn, marked by a pallid complexion, sunken eyes, furrowed brows, and their entire demeanor and appearance, coupled with deep contemplation, suggest a mind deeply immersed in profound reflection. They are attired in black robes, adhering to the ancient garb of philosophers, devoid of any embellishments, yet their beards stand out conspicuously. In their right hands, they clasp a chalice emitting noxious black vapors, while in their left hands, they grip a sickle.

Taken aback by the striking and unfamiliar appearance of these men, I found myself uttering these words:

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel! Are these angels endowed with eternal bliss? Are these the spirits whose existence is brimming with ceaseless delight and indescribable joy derived from unseen and imperceptible treasures? Why do they stand before us with such solemn expressions, adorned in such unconventional attire that initially instills a sense of dread? I beseech you, my dear Cosmiel, to elucidate this enigmatic mystery that lies concealed within them.

Cosmiel: These are the authentic Angels, appointed by God for a specific purpose in relation to this celestial globe. Although they are eternally blessed, they assume this appearance to impart hidden knowledge about the effects of this globe through symbolic attire. They also serve as agents of divine justice, and on occasion, when provoked by the transgressions of mortals in accordance with the just judgment and consent of God, they unleash numerous catastrophes upon the earthly realm. Like valiant warriors in a mortal conflict, they release the destructive emanations of this globe, resulting in plagues, infertility, grave illnesses, and other calamities. For those who take pleasure in the symbolism of doctrine, it should be relatively straightforward to discern the significance of the symbols I have described.

Theodidactus: That will suffice, my dear Cosmiel. Let us depart from this place; I have no desire to become ensnared in a comparable tempest of misfortunes.

With these words spoken, I was transported into the boundless reaches of the ethereal realm.

Theodidactus: Cosmiel, if I have found favor in your sight, I beseech you to grant me a brief respite. What is that colossal sphere, nearly as vast as our own terrestrial body, that I observe in such proximity? Cosmiel, can you enlighten me regarding the nature of this immense globe that stands so near to us?

Cosmiel: This is one of the two moons that orbit Saturn. But where is the other one?

Theodidactus: It is concealed behind Saturn, and considering their comparable size, luminosity, and composition, examining this one should serve your purpose. Is it conceivable that they have moved so far from Saturn when I initially observed them in such close proximity to Earth?

Cosmiel: Certainly, their substantial distance from Earth had misled your perception. Did you observe earlier how Saturn, along with the Moon and the other celestial bodies near the Sun, seemed to be in close proximity to Earth?

Theodidactus: I did, and I perceived all of them as if they were joined to a solar globe.

Cosmiel: You have seen rightly; for the same reason holds for both; would you believe that this globe is as far from Saturn as the Earth's globe is from the Moon?

Theodidactus: Why wouldn't I trust you, divine teacher, to whom secrets are entrusted? Since it cannot be otherwise, as long as I have faith in you, who knows nothing hidden and who always keeps open to himself the gates of eternal truth, through which access to the inaccessible mysteries of God is revealed?

Cosmiel: I am pleased with the trust you have placed in me. Therefore, know that if by divine power these two globes were to be joined into one, it would come to pass that, by its magnitude, it would equal the globe of Saturn.

Theodidactus: Indeed, I believe so, and it is clearly evident from the vastness of this companion globe. Moreover, my dear Cosmiel, I now perceive that all you have taught me a little while ago about the nature of such globes is consistent with truth. Now, as I gaze with admiration upon the structure of the globe, roughened on one side by mountains and on the other resembling a fiery sea, shining with a solar brilliance not much dissimilar, I also discern a distinction between luminous and non-luminous regions, and I distinctly observe phases. But can it be possible that a substance similar to solar matter is found in other bodies of the universe?

Cosmiel: Your inquiry is indeed warranted, Theodidactus. I can distinctly perceive that everything you have acquired regarding the nature of these celestial bodies is in harmony with the truth. Now, as you behold the composition of this sphere, with one side characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and the other side resembling a fiery sea, gleaming with a radiance akin to the Sun, you are imbued with amazement. Furthermore, you discern a clear demarcation between the illuminated and shadowed regions, and you can unmistakably identify phases.

Theodidactus: However, is it conceivable that a substance akin to solar matter is present within other celestial entities?

Cosmiel: Of course! Indeed, you must know that the Great Creator of the world, in the beginning, mingled a bit of that primordial fiery light, with which the body of the Sun is composed, more to one and less to another of the other bodies of the world, according to their worldly necessity, so that they could be preserved, as it was absolutely necessary, the Sun alone could not suffice to illuminate all the globes of the world. But I will discuss these matters with you more extensively in what follows.

Theodidactus: But I ask you, does this globe have its own center?

Cosmiel: Indeed, it does possess a center. What applies to one celestial sphere should be regarded as applicable to all the others. If this sphere were of the same essence as Saturn's, it would not be able to maintain its position, as it would naturally be drawn toward Saturn due to the affinity between their constituents. Since such an occurrence is impossible, it is evident that this sphere possesses a distinct structure and composition from Saturn's, and it has been positioned in the heavens in accordance with the ordained order of Nature. The same principle holds true for the other moon. But now, let us proceed on our journey, guided by divine Providence. Arise and prepare yourself, for a grand path awaits you.

CHAPTER IX.

A Journey into the Firmament or the Stellar Region of Fixed Stars.

Theodidactus: Where are you leading me, Cosmiel? To what destination am I being swiftly transported with such indescribable speed? I am no longer able to perceive the Sun, the Earth, the Moon, and the other planets; in fact, it appears they have all vanished. Is it conceivable that we have traversed such an immense expanse in such a brief span of time?

Cosmiel: Do not be astonished, for you are being propelled not by the ordinary human motion but by angelic swiftness, which renders all the customary movements of the Natural World as sluggish by comparison. You would not be able to endure this velocity without divine fortification from above.

Theodidactus: When will we at last arrive at that crystalline mass of the firmament? When will we behold the vast circumference of the fixed stars, encircled by no boundaries? And how shall we permeate the dense substance of such a colossal body, seemingly as ethereal as air? I entreat you to expedite our journey so that we may closely examine the supreme creation of the Most Excellent and Infinite Wisdom of God. For I am consumed by an intense desire to behold those stars, commonly referred to as fixed, attached to that unfathomable expanse of the celestial sphere. How skillfully are they embedded? With what radiance do they shine? What properties do they possess? Is the substance of the sphere fundamentally distinct from elementary matter? I earnestly beseech you to elucidate all these matters for me and to afford me a close inspection of them.

Cosmiel: My dear Theodidactus, I perceive that you possess a very uncomplicated nature and a tendency to readily embrace any belief. However, the crystalline sphere you are inquiring about is not a part of the Natural World. The notion that stars are affixed within such a sphere lacks any basis. I urge you to look all around, scrutinize every facet of our journey, traverse the entirety of existence, and explore the vast Universe. Yet, you will encounter nothing beyond what you currently observe鈥攖he boundless, transparent expanse of an endlessly revolving Ocean, along with the most subtle breeze.

Theodidactus: You mention paradoxes. How can the distance between the stars remain unaltered for all eternity?

Cosmiel: To you, earthly beings, this may appear indisputable owing to its immense and incomprehensible distance. Nevertheless, as you are currently witnessing, the separations between them vary significantly throughout the entire celestial sphere. To scrutinize this matter more meticulously, observe closely, Theodidactus, and contemplate every facet of the expansive heavens, and you will discern the accuracy of my statements.

Theodidactus: Oh, Cosmiel, I behold an entirely new aspect of the heavens in a marvelously captivating manner, adorned with stars I have never before laid eyes upon, distinguished by their positions, magnitudes, arrangements, and luminosities. However, I must inquire, where can the horns of Aries be found? Where is the Plough of Bootes? Where lies Cassiopeia? Where is Orion's belt? Where can the tail of Scorpio be seen? Where is the Hen with her chicks? And, at last, where are the winding coils of Hydra? Where have the other stars, which were so familiar to me, disappeared to? I cannot even discern a trace of them.

Cosmiel: You are indeed situated within the expanse of the celestial sphere and observe everything scattered, everything rearranged, everything placed in a new order.

Theodidactus: Are all these groupings of stars equidistant from Earth, or is there variation in their distances?

Cosmiel: No, they vary in their distances. Do you perceive those nebulous formations gathered in a circular configuration?

Theodidactus: I do.

Cosmiel: Picture those formations receding from your line of sight by a distance equivalent to the first star in the celestial sphere as it appears from Earth. Similarly, other stars exhibit differences in their proximity to Earth, at times closer and at times more distant, as you learned through your study of the planetary spheres. However, let us now draw closer to each of them. Lift your gaze and inspect each star individually.

Theodidactus: I am utterly bewildered by my surroundings and the unfolding events. I behold colossal stars, nearly rivaling the Sun in both luminance and magnitude. Furthermore, I discern some that bear a resemblance to the Moon, displaying vastly divergent phases. Is it conceivable that within this vast expanse, there exist bodies akin to the Sun or the Moon?

Cosmiel: Why do you harbor doubt? Did you assume that all these stars were illuminated solely by the Sun?

Theodidactus: I thought so.

Cosmiel: You are sorely mistaken. Do you observe that star directly across from you, bearing a resemblance to Sirius?

Theodidactus: I see it.

Cosmiel: What do you think it is?

Theodidactus: A first-magnitude star, akin to a brilliant star within Hydra or Scorpio's heart, or a celestial body of similar status.

Cosmiel: Oh, how mistaken you are! This is your Sun, that extraordinary orb to which nothing greater or more marvelous can be attributed in the realm of lower entities. Through the brilliance of its radiance and its potency, all lower entities are brought to life. By its indescribable influence, all earthly creatures are nurtured and upheld. Did you believe that such a diminutive star could suffice to illuminate this world?

Theodidactus: Indeed, I am of the same opinion. I find it implausible that it could radiate any more light than a star such as Sirius or Vega, or a celestial body of similar nature, could illuminate the Earth. Considering our distance from the Sun is a hundred times greater than the Sun's distance from Earth, it's difficult to conceive how such a diminutive star could illuminate not only these expansive celestial bodies in the cosmos but also other unknown and distant ones, as seen from our perspective.

Cosmiel: Yes, I see the star in the eastern corner, and it does not appear significantly smaller or less bright than the Sun.

Theodidactus: You are correct, and I apologize for any confusion. That star is indeed our Sun. It may have appeared smaller earlier due to our perspective and distance, but now we are closer, and it appears as it does from Earth.

Cosmiel: You had some misconceptions. The bright, small star you initially observed was, in fact, your Sun. The one you see now is the star known as Sirius to your astronomers.

Theodidactus: Without your guidance, my divine Master, entirely devoid of falsehood and deceit, I would find it impossible to believe. Is it conceivable that Suns exist in the deepest reaches of the firmament?

Cosmiel: Why not indeed? It was not only appropriate but also absolutely imperative for celestial bodies of a solar nature to be present in this place. This would prevent numerous massive entities of the world from remaining eternally inactive in unending darkness. Consider this: if only Sirius radiated light upon the terrestrial sphere, with the absence of the Sun, can you fathom the consequences for our planet?

Theodidactus: Certainly, I believe it would succumb to never-ending darkness and unceasing gloom.

Cosmiel: A similar fate would befall all the celestial bodies within the firmament's system if there were no entity to illuminate them and infuse them with the necessary heat to fulfill their natural purposes. All those stars classified as first magnitude perform this vital role.

Theodidactus: Would not one body of solar nature suffice to illuminate all the stars?

Cosmiel: Ah, my child, you have yet to witness the boundless expanse of the firmament. You will come to accept my words when I guide you through the limitless realms of the firmament. This single point should suffice to persuade you: if one such celestial body were adequate within the firmament, I pose this question to you 鈥� do the stars within their respective orbits receive illumination from it or not?

Theodidactus: I believe they do.

Cosmiel: Oh, how limited your comprehension of Optics and Astronomy is, and how distant from the truth you have ventured! When the stars within the solar firmament revolve in the opposite direction to this celestial globe, they are positioned at a distance twice that of the Earth, Sun, or Moon from this solar firmament body. Furthermore, from the perspective of this firmament, your Sun seems to be merely three minutes in diameter. What are your thoughts regarding the stars situated opposite to the solar firmament?

Theodidactus: Without a doubt, I dare to assert that when observed from the opposite side of its orbit, this solar orb within the firmament is not visible but instead completely obscured due to its unfathomable distance.

Cosmiel: Do you now perceive, through this line of reasoning, that the Sun cannot possibly cast its illumination upon those firmament orbs diametrically opposite? Then, who shall bestow their radiance upon them if not the Sun? You might think it is our Sun, but even this solar-natured firmament globe is incapable of doing so, for the reasons I've elucidated. Hence, it became imperative to establish numerous celestial bodies of solar nature to provide light to the orbs situated closer to them, ensuring that a substantial portion of the world would not remain devoid of essential illumination. How distant do you estimate the brilliant Capella, which also acts as a surrogate for the Sun, to be from the canine Sun?

Theodidactus: From what I can perceive with my own eyes, I would estimate it to be no more than forty degrees distant.

Cosmiel: My dear child, you are mistaken. This distance is indeed extensive, perhaps even greater than the distance you've indicated between a star and the Earth's surface. Consequently, it is unequivocally evident that Sirius cannot possibly illuminate Capella. Thus, Capella had to possess its inherent light to illuminate the neighboring stars. Consider this: do you believe a blazing globe situated in Tusculum, for instance, could illuminate the city of Rome?

Theodidactus: Certainly not. In such a scenario, I wouldn't experience any warmth, reading would be impossible, and distinguishing objects from the distant light sources in my vicinity would prove futile.

Cosmiel: I would like you to contemplate the same comparison between the other prominent celestial bodies in the firmament and the Sun. Would you find it credible if I were to inform you that your Sun, the radiant star you believed resided within the firmament, is situated at an apparent distance from that third magnitude star equal to the separation of the firmament from the Sun?

Theodidactus: Indeed, I doubt anyone would readily accept such a notion, and yet I acknowledge that it must be derived from the enlightenment with which you are expanding my understanding.

Cosmiel: This is how the firmament's globes are truly separated by immense distances, both in terms of length and depth, even if they might appear close to you. You will gain a more precise understanding of this when you delve deeper into the firmament's regions. Those who define the world's structure with strict boundaries and rigid limits fail to perceive the intricate web of divine power. They believe that the Sun's radiance is solely responsible for illuminating the entire world and that celestial bodies contribute nothing more than decorative light. According to their perspective, it logically follows that the world must not be as vast as one might assume, as in their view, the Sun reaches, touches, and encompasses everything. This conclusion can only hold if the celestial spheres are highly confined and arranged in a manner where each body in the world can receive solar illumination. Consequently, it suggests that the world's size can be comprehended and quantified within the scope of human intellect. However, aside from being a preposterous premise, this contradicts the magnitude of divine power and potential, "who alone has made great and incomprehensible and wonderful things, of which there is no number." To help you gain a clearer understanding of all this, let us now turn our attention to the canine Sun.

Theodidactus: How far do you think we are from it?

Cosmiel: As far as the Earth is from your Sun.

Theodidactus: You mention that we've journeyed a considerable distance. My dear Cosmiel, I had initially believed you were guiding me to the realm of Canis Major, yet it is now evident that I am still within the Earth and our Sun.

Cosmiel: How do you deduce that?

Theodidactus: I see our Moon.

Cosmiel: The Moon you are observing is not the closest of the Third Moons but rather a dark sphere that orbits around Canis Major, bathed in the radiance of the Canine Sun. Consequently, it exhibits phases similar to those of our Moon. Within this vast expanse of the firmament, there exist innumerable such spheres that can never be perceived by the human eye. However, within this lunar-like sphere, you will discern everything with greater clarity. Saying this, he transported me into the lunar-like sphere, which comprised both liquid and solid elements and was constructed entirely from the same materials as our Moon, albeit with different force and properties, as they attribute to the entire celestial realm.

Theodidactus: My dear Cosmiel, the brilliance of the light has become overwhelming, and I can no longer discern any portion of the firmament. Kindly guide me to the opposing side of this sphere so that I may scrutinize the entire expanse of the sky more closely, as if from a fresh vantage point.

It was done. Here, for the very first time, I beheld phenomena that defy adequate description by any words or eloquence. Before me spread an immeasurable multitude of stars meticulously arranged into five distinct magnitudes, each showcasing diverse and unique configurations.

Theodidactus: Oh, my Cosmiel, what a peculiar sight I behold! Are these the stars of the firmament, or do they belong to some other realm? I am absolutely certain that none of these stars are visible from Earth.

Cosmiel: Indeed, they are stars of the firmament, and you are correct in asserting that none of them are visible from Earth. The vastness of the firmament is of such magnitude that it surpasses the capacity of both the human eye and reason to comprehend, to say the least.

Theodidactus: Kindly reveal to me the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, and the other celestial orbs that orbit around the Earth.

Cosmiel: Direct your gaze toward this measuring stick.

Theodidactus: I am attentive.

Cosmiel: What do you see?

Theodidactus: I see a second-magnitude star.

Cosmiel: This is your Sun, which philosophers contend illuminates the entire world. Now, let us determine if this assertion holds true.

Theodidactus: If what you claim is accurate, I find it exceedingly improbable. However, I inquire, where is the Earth, where is the Moon, and where can I locate the other planetary stars?

Cosmiel: Because of their vast distance, everything else has already disappeared from view, leaving only Jupiter and Saturn, which you perceive as being in close proximity to the Sun, resembling fourth-magnitude stars.

Theodidactus: But what is this marvel? I observe that neither the Sun, nor Jupiter, nor Saturn are in motion; they appear to maintain nearly constant distances from one another.

Cosmiel: Suppose the distance between these celestial bodies and your observation point is so vast that the entire circumference of the solar sky appears compressed into a space nearly equal to that of the solar body, akin to the constriction experienced by the previously mentioned celestial spheres. In such a scenario, it should come as no surprise that they appear nearly or entirely motionless, particularly if they are smaller in size than the Sun and the other superior planets. I wish for you to grasp that when we observe the celestial spheres from Earth, they all seem to remain at uniform and unchanging distances from one another. However, this perception is misleading, as all these celestial entities, stars included, just like the Sun, the Moon, and the other inferior planets, adhere to their respective orbits within fixed circles. The apparent lack of motion when viewed from Earth results from the inconceivable distance separating these celestial spheres from our planet, which effectively consolidates all the paths of these spheres into what appears to be a single point. To illustrate this concept, consider this example: envision attaching individual lit torches to several wagon wheels spaced a short distance apart from each other, and then set these wheels into rotation. This experiment would reveal that although the positions of the torches change when viewed up close, you would not perceive any alteration in their location, position, or relative distance when they are separated by a mile or two. This is because the size of the wheel, relative to the enormous distance involved, remains minuscule. Do you observe the constant appearance of new stars rising above the horizon of this lunar sphere, while others descend? All these stars frequently complete their orbits around the Sun and this firmament Moon, obeying their prescribed laws of ascent, descent, and declination, much like the inferior planets do.

Theodidactus: But who has ever observed these phenomena? If what you say is true, our Astronomers would undoubtedly have noted such differences in motion. Our Uranoscopists [stargazers], both in the past ages and especially in our time equipped with extraordinary diligence and aids for observation, have already observed Full Moons, dichotomous moons, moons shining with horns, and moons completely vanishing.

Cosmiel: It appears that the reasons I alluded to earlier have not yet fully resonated with you. I would like to emphasize that the absence of these phenomena in the observations of astronomers does not imply their nonexistence. As optics instructs us, the immeasurable and vast distance separating these spheres from Earth renders them invisible, as all the orbits in which they traverse have been condensed into an imperceptible expanse. This is analogous to how, from our current vantage point, only the Sun is discernible among the inferior celestial bodies, while all the others and their respective orbits are engulfed by the immense distances involved.

Theodidactus: May I request that we now turn our attention to the canine star, Sirius, so that I can gain insight into its composition and the remarkable intricacies of its structure?

Cosmiel: It shall be done.

Behold, the canine star, Sirius, now appears almost before my very eyes.

Theodidactus: Oh, my Cosmiel, I perceive a sphere that surpasses our Sun in every way. Here, colossal tides are causing the oceans to swell, and with its intense radiance, it stirs the seas into turbulent whirlpools, while its solid surface seems to be adorned with an array of precious gems. I beseech you to elucidate the details of each aspect for me.

Cosmiel: There is no need to prolong the explanation, as the liquid substance you observe is indeed of the same essence as our own Sun. As I previously mentioned, the Supreme and Most Excellent God, at the dawn of creation, separated light from darkness and bestowed a portion of that original light upon each of these celestial bodies. This divine act was undertaken to ensure that other celestial bodies, lacking their own source of light, could be illuminated and infused with the vital energy necessary to uphold and sustain the Universe. Without this divine arrangement, the world would have suffered substantial destruction, engulfed by the profound darkness, which is the most formidable evil in the realm of Nature. It is essential to recognize that all these solar globes possess significant variations in power and characteristics, primarily attributed to their respective positions and locations within the Universe. These distinctions are well understood by the Supreme God, the Creator of the world, and thus there is no need to delve into exhaustive specifics here. If I were to attempt to elucidate the nuances of each one to you, the world itself would not contain enough volumes to encompass such a discussion.

Theodidactus: My dear Cosmiel, I beseech you to allow me to examine the celestial pole and the nearby star Cynosura more closely. I am eager to comprehend why this colossal mechanism revolves around the celestial pole and why the Cynosura star, as well as the Earth, seem utterly motionless, as if firmly affixed to the pole itself.

Cosmiel: I will certainly comply with your request, allowing you to grasp the vast disparity between human intellect and reality. The human mind often finds itself immersed in the depths of sensory perception, mistakenly assuming that what it observes on Earth applies universally and without exception.

With these words, I found myself transported into the depths of the ethereal firmament, where I encountered numerous solar globes, each accompanied by its own moons. Here, I gazed in wonder at a solar globe known as the Eye of Taurus or Aldebaran in Arabic, radiating a distinctive reddish and ruby-like fire, with countless attendant stars in view. A bit later, the Hen with her chicks, which we call the Pleiades, appeared as an immensely sized sphere. Subsequently, Arcturus, a solar body of considerable magnitude, followed, along with solar bodies Capella, Lyra, and Ursa, all of which shone conspicuously and brilliantly, each attended by a retinue of spheres never before observed from Earth. Indeed, these celestial bodies exhibited notable disparities in power, properties, and attributes, much like the countless varieties of natural phenomena found within the Earth's realm. Each possessed its own distinct nature and characteristics, yet they all shared a composition of moisture, earth, and other fundamental elements. Each of them orbited around its individual center and possessed its unique atmosphere. Finally, we arrived at the culmination of our celestial journey.

Theodidactus: Oh, my Cosmiel, what does that immense Sun behind us represent?

Cosmiel: That, my friend, is the North Star, renowned as the most famous and recognized of all stars visible from Earth. It serves as a sanctuary for those who navigate the expansive terrestrial seas, offering refuge to shipwrecked souls and guiding mariners on their oceanic voyages

Theodidactus: I find it impossible to believe what you are attempting to convince me of.

Cosmiel: I am revealing the truth to you; have no doubt, my son.

Theodidactus: How can I come to believe this, and what evidence can you provide to convince me? Through my studies in astronomy, I have always understood this star to remain steadfast in its position, as if affixed to the world's pole, tracing an orbit with only a mere three degrees of apparent movement away from the world pole. Now, I am confronted with a stark contradiction, as the orbit in which it revolves appears to surpass or at least match that of our Sun. Furthermore, I discern the presence of its own moons as they orbit it, even though they remain invisible to the human eye. But, O Lord and Master, may God bestow upon you this favor and more if you choose to disclose to me this profound secret of Nature.

Cosmiel: Please pay close attention. The North Star you are currently observing traces an extensive circular path, and it is situated at such a tremendous distance from Earth that an observer on the planet's surface perceives it as a mere point, with its orbit appearing no more extensive than six degrees in diameter. Consequently, it is understandable that it gives the impression of being perpetually stationary and exhibits only a gradual movement within its own orbit.

Theodidactus: I understand this, but why does this not apply to the other stars?

Cosmiel: Because they occupy entirely different positions.

Theodidactus: Before we advance any further, kindly reveal to me the position of the central point around which the renowned North Pole of the world completes its orbit.

Cosmiel: Do not entertain the notion that there exists a tangible pole at this location, for you shall not discover one. The poles that astronomers and philosophers envision within the world are nothing more than mere fictions.

Theodidactus: Do you dismiss them as fantasies when both reason and our daily experiences instruct us otherwise? Who would be so unreasonable as to deny the existence of poles in our world? Do we not witness the stars completing their orbits from east to west within a 24-hour cycle each day? Do we not observe that stars nearer to the pole trace progressively smaller circles until they align with the pole, while those closer to the equator describe larger circles? This is indisputably evident: our world takes the form of a globe and therefore possesses its poles. What are your thoughts on these arguments, Cosmiel?

Cosmiel: I acknowledge that this explanation may be acceptable to those individuals who solely rely on their sensory perceptions and are unable to elevate their inner imagination further. It is, therefore, not unexpected that they might struggle to conceptualize the movement of stars as being connected to a spherical celestial body with poles, perceiving it instead as a form of solid sphere. However, I shall impart to you the profound truth regarding this entire matter.

Theodidactus: Ah, I shall eagerly listen to your elucidation of this remarkable paradox.

Cosmiel: Up to this point, you have not encountered any solid spheres or orbs within this vast and seemingly boundless expanse of the heavens, which some have posited based on rather trivial grounds. Those who propose that this expansive region is entirely composed of solid spheres are in error. If that were the case, it would be logical to expect that spheres, along with the fixed celestial bodies affixed to them, would invariably revolve at uniform distances from the Earth. However, as you have already observed, spheres within this ethereal expanse are universally permeable. Consequently, the notion of poles must be discarded. Just as this ethereal space is the most delicate and nimble, subject to ceaseless variability and movement, who could confine it within a sphere?

Theodidactus: Who could ascribe a precise and fixed motion to a fluid and volatile substance? Who could envision poles within such a fluid medium? If there are no poles within the world, then what accounts for the apparent stillness of those spheres in the farthest southern and northern regions, always tracing progressively smaller circles? I pledge the full extent of my intellectual faculties to engage deeply with your reasoning.

Cosmiel: Very well, my son, for through this understanding, you shall gain a deeper appreciation of the glory and majesty of the Almighty God, and your love for the Creator shall experience a substantial increase. Therefore, be aware that this vast expanse, extending from the Earth to the farthest reaches of the material world, which we refer to as "expansum" or expanse, is filled with the most fluid and agile air, often referred to by the Ancients as "aether" or "ethereal air." I assure you that it is so replete, in fact, that there exists nothing in the realm of natural substances, however solid and adamantine, that is not penetrated by its pores. This divine arrangement was made by the supreme wisdom of God to prevent any space from being left void, a condition fundamentally contrary to the nature of things. Consequently, the Hebrews aptly termed it "Schamaim," signifying "waters," due to its ever-fluid nature鈥攁 name not without fitting symbolism. Within this vast expanse of ethereal air, the Creator of the world, in His boundless wisdom, positioned the multitude of these celestial spheres in such a manner around the Earth that each one of them commenced its motion from east to west and, by an enduring law of stability, perpetually continued these motions around the Earth, in accordance with the unchanging decrees of the divine concept. Given that this ethereal expanse lacks a fixed form and instead flows through the world in a meandering and unpredictable manner, the Supreme Architect, from the very outset, arranged these celestial spheres within it with harmony, symmetry, order, and proportion to one another. This was done to ensure that none would obstruct another or collide due to mutual interactions. And because each celestial sphere, in addition to its daily rotation, possesses its own progressive motion within its respective orbits, albeit imperceptible to terrestrial observers, it was necessary for one to occupy a higher or more distant position than the other within the scope of the daily circuit. Thus, akin to vicarious suns, certain luminous spheres illuminated their subordinate spheres with the appropriate light within their own orbits, concealed from our view. The spheres of solar nature were placed close to each other at specific intervals, allowing them to fulfill their functions without encroaching upon the boundaries of each other's domains. The divine Creator's wisdom is evident in this arrangement as well. He ordained these celestial spheres to revolve around the North and South regions of the Earth, causing each one to describe ever-decreasing circles proportionate to the remarkable proportion within the expansive regions near the South and North poles. This phenomenon is most visibly exemplified in the Great Bear, the Little Bear, and the stars of Draco, where the poles are nothing more than the very centers of the circles they form. Thus, the eternal Craftsman appears to have aimed for the material sphere to reflect the circles delineated within His concept in the construction of this world. Although numerous other celestial spheres, including those of stars much higher than the initial stars of the firmament and situated as far from Earth as the firmament itself, and even higher still, all participate in the same motion under a designated proportion of circles. Consequently, from your earthly vantage point, you observe circles of these celestial spheres constricting toward the regions of the South and North, leading you to perceive the smallest circle as enclosing the Earth's pole. However, another pole is not formed unless it corresponds to the center of that circle, which falsely appears to you as the smallest. It is important to clarify that when I refer to the "smallest circle" from the apparent perspective of an observer on Earth, I am speaking of circles of significant and excessive magnitude, to the extent that one cannot conceive of a solar circle that does not surpass the dimensions of a parasang. Likewise, other circles, although imperceptible to us, possess even larger dimensions, as is the case with Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, or even the circles of the initial stars of the firmament.

Theodidactus: You speak of marvelous things, and I comprehend them to a certain extent. However, I remain puzzled by the force or power that impels the sacred system of celestial spheres, characterized by its precise and unwavering order, as well as its unimaginable swiftness, to revolve.

Cosmiel: If you have grasped the concepts we previously discussed regarding the impetus behind the motion of the celestial spheres, I trust that you will encounter no difficulty in comprehending the energetic movement of this assembly of vastly diverse celestial bodies. Each of these spheres, whose number is infinite, is presided over by its own governing Intelligence. The role of these Intelligences is to direct each sphere according to its designated position within the boundless expanse of the ethereal world, ensuring that they each revolve within their designated orbits around the Earth, radiate light, and disseminate the emanations of their own virtues throughout the interconnected regions of the spheres. In doing so, they maintain the harmony of the Universe in accordance with the immutable divine design and eternal laws that govern solely within the recognized limits of those spheres. Consequently, it is inconceivable for them to deviate in the slightest from the ordained laws or alter the distances separating them, as such actions would contradict the eternal and unchanging laws established by the divine intellect.

Theodidactus: I comprehend the concepts you have elucidated, and they align well with the illumination of reason. Nevertheless, I am perplexed by the magnitude of the forces propelling the motion of these celestial bodies, particularly those stars situated at such vast distances beyond the initial stars of the firmament, as perceived from Earth, and whose inherent nature remains shrouded in mystery.

Cosmiel: Indeed, God, through His ministering Angels and celestial administrators, orchestrates the movement of these celestial spheres within a span of twenty-four hours as effortlessly as it was for me to guide you from the dog star to this polar one in such a brief duration. If, as exemplified by Scheiner and Mersennus, a millstone can traverse such a distance and descend from the firmament to the Earth in no more than six hours, what reason is there to question the swiftness of these stars set into motion? If you can fathom the velocity of lightning, you might be able to grasp the velocity of these celestial spheres in a manner somewhat analogous, yet inherently distinct. The celerity of such spheres, however, should not be considered beyond comprehension, for the works of God are inscrutable and transcend the limits of human understanding.

Theodidactus: Do each of the celestial spheres that we have traversed within the vast expanse of this firmament possess their own respective centers?

Cosmiel: Indeed, each of them possesses its own individual centers. As they traverse through the fluidic ether, their existence, sustenance, and establishment can only occur with their unique centers, divinely ordained. Consequently, it follows that they exhibit variations in their attributes and capabilities, notwithstanding their shared composition of liquid and earthly substances. Hence, each of these celestial spheres generates its own atmosphere by expelling breath from its distinct core.

Theodidactus: How, then, does the preceding motion of the firmament, which moves from west to east in opposition to the progression of the zodiacal signs, come into play?

Cosmiel: This motion is engendered by the tracing of a helical path from east to west. Although it does not precisely align with the meridian within the duration of 24 hours, the space left to traverse to the meridian expands with each passing day and year, progressively accumulating into a discernible forward movement.

Theodidactus: But why is this curvature so subtle and inconspicuous, unlike what we observe in the planets?

Cosmiel: Due to its immense distance from Earth, it can scarcely be perceived by the naked eye and only becomes noticeable after a span of a century. However, you have previously encountered this phenomenon.

Theodidactus: I inquire, my dear Cosmiel, about the origin of the new stars that sporadically manifest in the firmament. I have been keen to comprehend this for a while now.

Cosmiel: As I have previously elucidated these novel occurrences to you while we were observing the Sun, I shall refrain from offering an exhaustive explanation once more and provide a concise overview instead. The same analysis I previously expounded upon refutes the source of these celestial stars that materialize in the firmament. These solar bodies, aptly named due to their similarity to the terrestrial Sun, incessantly emit substantial volumes of exhalations. These denser regions of the aether present us with fresh stars, enriched by the emanations and eternally illuminated by the radiance of the solar spheres.

Theodidactus: However, why do these stars invariably exhibit a stationary nature rather than possessing mobility akin to our comets? Why do they lack tails? Furthermore, why are they regarded as larger than our Sun?

Cosmiel: First and foremost, you should understand that they do indeed exhibit movement, but the expanse within which they traverse is beyond our comprehension due to its immense distance. This expanse has contracted to a point that remains imperceptible to us, as we previously discussed in the context of the fixed stars' motion. As for the absence of tails, it can be attributed to the fact that at such an immense distance, only the primary body remains discernible to us, while the fainter part of the tail dissipates into obscurity. Regarding their apparent size, which appears to be at least equivalent to our Sun, it is evident that they seem larger because they are projected across a broader expanse of our vision when observed from the firmament, compared to the terrestrial Sun's appearance from Earth. Their size should not perplex you, as their substance is exceedingly rarefied and capable of expanding into vast spaces. This serves to refute the notion that these phenomena originate from extensive and eccentric orbits, which contradicts our observations. Clearly, such an idea is unfounded, as these new stars should consistently undergo proportional growth and diminishment over a specific period. However, they materialize suddenly and disappear abruptly. These stars do not follow eccentric orbits, do not emerge as new creations by divine intervention, are not revealed to us through the refraction of crystalline spheres, nor are they born from the convergence of stars. Instead, their genesis can be traced back to the natural force of potent exhalations and vapors emanating from the solar bodies within the firmament. It is also conceivable that material extending from these exhalations, illuminated by the nearby solar globes of the firmament, bathes the concealed neighboring and opaque lunar globes in such reflected light that they ultimately manifest themselves to us in resplendent attire. Consequently, as demonstrated, it can be inferred that these stars, originating in the firmament, provide evidence that the firmament itself cannot be solid or imperishable, despite the persistence of those who advocate the contrary viewpoint. Undoubtedly, the Earth is no less susceptible to corruption than the other constituents of the world. Its elements are highly susceptible to decay, as evident from the perpetual interplay of the elements and various other factors. Observe the incandescent sphere of this polar Sun, how it pulsates and releases substantial plumes of smoke. When these emissions intermingle with the exhalations of the other celestial bodies and converge into a unified luminous cloud, spanning expansively within the ethereal expanse, only someone lacking discernment would dismiss the possibility of it appearing as a new star to observers on Earth. It is a recurring aspect of human intellectual endeavors that, when delving into the investigation of concealed phenomena, individuals often disregard the most immediate and apparent causes. Instead, they embark on fruitless and unsubstantiated pursuits that lack plausibility and are incongruent with reality, leading to the most absurd misconceptions.

Theodidactus: Indeed, I not only find your perspective highly credible but also wholeheartedly embrace it as almost irrefutable. I perceive no objections that could withstand scrutiny against it; rather, it elegantly resolves all challenges, no matter how complex or tangled they may be, leaving no room for doubt. This explanation is so straightforward that it clarifies all the enigmas, regardless of their intricacies. There is no need to resort to metaphysical or supernatural explanations or invent new concepts and other preposterous conjectures in this matter. Your elucidation effortlessly addresses all the circumstances and conditions observed by astronomers concerning the origin of these new stars, grounding them in natural principles. Consequently, the unfounded assertions made by astrologers regarding the omens associated with these new stars must inevitably fade away. Think about the numerous disputes that arose among scholars concerning the star that appeared in Cassiopeia in 1572. How many extraordinary and unconventional theories were formulated in response? However, with your guidance, I now perceive the causes behind such an occurrence with clarity. As I learned on our journey, nearly all the prominent stars in Cassiopeia possess solar characteristics. Therefore, it is plausible that at that time, the star may have experienced a prolonged or climatic ailment. Despite receiving an influx of substance from external sources, it might have undergone vigorous agitation due to the augmented outpouring of vapor emissions into the expansive realm of the ethereal space, illuminated by neighboring stars. This situation could have presented us with the extraordinary spectacle of a new star. However, due to its vast distance, the space in which it moved was imperceptible to our senses, rendering its motion indiscernible to our eyes.

Cosmiel: You are reasoning correctly, Theodidactus, and you will not encounter opposition from other philosophers, unless they dare to diminish the incomprehensible power of the Almighty God to fit within the confines of their own intellects. It would be akin to suggesting that God cannot act unless His actions align with their limited understanding. It is advisable not to engage with individuals who hold such views.

Theodidactus: You speak the truth, and I have always wondered how some individuals dare to meddle with such inscrutable works of divine power while thinking that even the Most Wise Creator may fail to illuminate or sustain them. If they concede the fluidity of the heavens, they then fear the ruin of the stars, as if the stars could not exist without being fixed. However, you have allowed me to contemplate all these things in a different light, and amidst my darkness of ignorance, I have developed an appreciation for the vast works of God. Although born and raised in the obscurity of my ignorance, I find that each individual aspect is confirmed with such marvelous artistry that I can scarcely express my amazement or convey my feelings about them. For when I examine each one more closely, I am truly astounded to discover such incredible artistry He has employed in the creation of the world. His power has skillfully measured the magnitudes of the stars in terms of their position, motion, number, weight, size, and measurement. With such artistry, He has arranged the distances between the stars in such a way that unless each region of the ethereal world were as it is, the entire Universe could not exist. And since the Supreme Archetype, through His infinite ideas of all possible things and capacity of His passive power, has conceived this world, creating innumerable globes that differ in properties, brightness, shape, color, light, heat, and the influences of latent seminal reasons. All these are established with such a proportionate disposition of each part to others that in each globe, that there is a motion of the parts towards the whole, downwards towards the center in heavy objects, and upwards from the center in lighter ones. This motion occurs around the center, and all these things can be found in each globe. The parts come together with such natural eagerness and impulse that they seem unable to rest anywhere other than in the whole. The moisture that exists in the surrounding globes, when struck by the light and heat of the celestial bodies, becomes rarefied and extends into atmospheres. As we observe this wonderful diversity of things in these atmospheres, we see that we cannot truly understand the reasons behind the divine works. Still, rather, we should only marvel at their immeasurable sublimity. "For great is the Lord, and exceedingly praiseworthy, and of His greatness, there is no end." He is not only the author and knower of His works but also the end, for in Him, all things are, and He is the beginning, middle, and end of all things, the center and circumference, so that He alone should be sought in everything. Without Him, all things are nothing, but with Him alone, all things exist, for He is everything. Through Him, all things are known because He is the truth of all. Nothing is more pleasing to Him than that we are led to admire Him in the vast fabric of the world. Yet, the more we admire the more He conceals Himself from us, for He alone must be sought, investigated, and acquired with our whole heart and diligence if it pleases Him. Since He dwells in unapproachable light, sought by those who seek Him, He alone has the power to open doors to those who knock and to grant to those who ask. To those who do not seek Him, there is no opportunity to open doors, as the rest of creation, which he produces and without whom nothing exists. For He is all in all, to be sought by those who seek, inquired by those who inquire, and acquired by those if it pleases Him. But what of those who are waiting in suspense, asking what things are, or how, or to what purpose? We respond with nothing and can only respond with nothing. We possess no knowledge, for only He who, through His understanding, makes us what He wishes, commands, and knows us. We are mute, but He alone speaks in all things, for He created us, He alone makes us what we are, how and for what purpose we are. If you wish to know anything about yourself, seek it all in idea, cause, and reason, not in us. There you will find everything when you seek the One, for you can only find yourself in Him.

Theodidactus: I remember seeing in the deepest recesses of the firmament, in the sphere of the Dog Star's Moon, a very bright star, surrounded by a kind of stellar mist, which I also see here. I eagerly desire to know what it is.

Cosmiel: How far do you think it is from you?

Theodidactus: I do not think it is far.

Cosmiel: You are mistaken, Theodidactus. You think it is as far from you as this place is from the Earth. But if you look closer at the works of God, I will lead you there. To me, it is the same whether I travel twenty leagues in one hour or twenty million leagues.

Having been taken into the deepest recesses of the world, I found a center filled with countless globes never before seen by the human eye. Finally, through an immense expanse of golden ether, I was transported to a new lunar globe.

Theodidactus: Why, Cosmiel, do you leave me in this place when all I desire is to gaze at that bright star that I marveled at so much in that abandoned place?

Cosmiel: This has been done so that the face of your native world shines more brightly to you on the opposite side of this Lunar globe's face, as if from a dark shadow. Lift up your eyes and contemplate each detail.

Theodidactus: Divine Teacher, a fresh panorama of stars has unveiled itself before my eyes! Their brilliance is awe-inspiring, their arrangement exquisitely orchestrated, and they form elegant patterns in various shapes.

Cosmiel: In your previous position, you perceived these stars as hazy, and they are situated at a distance from the Dog Star similar to that between Earth and the firmament. Here, you need not search for Suns, as all the globes you once observed have vanished into the abyss of their immense remoteness. Among the celestial orbs in this realm, some are solar, some lunar, and others are stars previously unseen by mortal eyes. Raise your gaze and behold the expanse of the heavens.

Theodidactus: Cosmiel, I am nearly overcome by astonishment as I behold the entire expanse of the sky, brimming with newly revealed stars.

Cosmiel: Some of these celestial bodies are positioned at a distance from your current location comparable to the span between this world and our previous one. Those upon which you now stand have seats even more remote than the stars of the initial firmament are from Earth. If I were to elevate you a hundredfold higher, the proliferation of new and newer stars would persist without end. Perhaps I should say that the world is not confined within the narrow confines that some presume. Human ingenuity grasps only a limited fraction of God's boundless creations, for His works are inscrutable to our understanding. Just as God Himself, in His greatness, transcends the boundaries of His own magnitude, He designed the world to be as vast as it could and should be, given the constraints imposed by the material conditions of this state. Not because He lacked the capability to create a larger world, but due to the limitations inherent in the material body, which derives its boundaries from its own nature. When your philosophers and theologians contemplate whether God can actualize the infinite, they wisely affirm that He cannot. This is not a reflection of their belief in God's power being finite but rather an acknowledgment that the concept of the infinite implies inherent limitations.

Theodidactus: Cease, cease, my Cosmiel, I no longer wish to behold anything further, for I fear that the overwhelming majesty of the Creator's glory might engulf me. I prefer to serve Him with humble obedience, to revere Him with fear and trembling, rather than attempting to fathom His incomprehensible works, which are countless and boundless. Receive, receive my soul, for I am no longer captivated by sensory delights. I yearn to be united with Him through eternal love, the One who has crafted such wondrous marvels for me, the lowliest of Earth's natural beings. My deepest desire is to fixate my entire being upon Him, to cleave to Him exclusively, and never to be separated from His presence. Oh, my God, the sustainer of my soul, who has woven this magnificent tapestry solely for the sake of humanity, what unimaginable treasures have you prepared for your beloved ones in the realm of the invisible? Now, with exalted thoughts, I proclaim, "Eye has not seen, nor ear heard, nor has it entered into the heart of man, what God has prepared for those who love Him." Oh, children of the Earth, born of humanity, I implore you once more, why do you cling to vanity and pursue falsehoods? Gaze upon these boundless abodes of the heavens with your whole heart, and ponder how much God has ordained for the glory of humanity, concealed within unfathomable and hidden boundaries known only to Him! Embrace this disposition of the soul in the fleeting light of this transient life within this vast and profoundly wise world, where the Archetype is inexhaustible. In doing so, you may finally cast off the constraints of the flesh and contemplate the One who is the very essence of our souls, the core of all Nature, the ultimate and supreme source of blessedness. Therefore, may He be eternally blessed, loved immeasurably, and praised without limitation throughout the ages. Amen.